Marine dead zones are formed when rivers that empty into oceans carry excess phosphorus and nitrate runoff. These dead zones are caused by

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Marine dead zones are caused by algal blooms, which occur when excess phosphorus and nitrate runoff leads to an overgrowth of algae. As the algae die and decompose, they consume oxygen, creating an oxygen-depleted zone where marine life cannot survive. Precipitates of nitrate and phosphorus do not directly contribute to the formation of dead zones. Bacterial blooms and nitrate and phosphorus poisoning are not the primary causes of dead zones. Increased acidity due to nitrates and phosphorus is also not a significant factor in the formation of dead zones.

Marine Dead Zones Are Formed When Rivers That Empty into Oceans