The Debt-To-Equity Ratio

The debt-to-equity ratio:

A) Is calculated by dividing carrying amount of secured liabilities by carrying amount of pledged assets.
B) Is a means of assessing the risk of a company's financing structure.
C) Is not relevant to secured creditors.
D) Can always be calculated from information provided in a company's income statement.
E) Must be calculated from the fair market values of assets and liabilities.