Naomi Pierce Et Al

Naomi Pierce et al. demonstrated that Jalmenus butterfly larvae benefit from their Iridomyrmex ant partners in a coevolutionary mutualism. Because it is a costly mutualistic relationship for both species, Pierce et al. hypothesized that communication between the species would be favored by natural selection. What were the results of their tests for communication? A


B

A) Stridulating by the butterfly larvae repelled significantly more ants, making it less likely for the larvae to survive.
B) Stridulating by the ants attracted significantly more butterfly larvae, making it less likely for the larvae to survive.
C) Stridulating by the butterfly larvae attracted significantly more ants to the larvae, making it more likely for the larvae to survive.
D) Stridulating by the ants repelled significantly more butterfly larvae, making it more likely for the larvae to survive.