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An Alarm Call Benefits Multiple Individuals, Both Related and Unrelated >\gt

Question 11

Multiple Choice

An alarm call benefits multiple individuals, both related and unrelated (r >\gt 0) . Can this behavior still evolve according to Hamilton's rule? (There are 1, 2, . . . , A individuals that are related to the donor by r1, r2,…, rA and receive benefits b1, b2,…, bA)


A) No; unrelated individuals will automatically set the benefits to 0, as Hamilton's rule for
Multiple individuals is
 An alarm call benefits multiple individuals, both related and unrelated (r   \gt  0) . Can this behavior still evolve according to Hamilton's rule? (There are 1, 2, . . . , A individuals that are related to the donor by r<sub>1</sub>, r<sub>2</sub>,…, r<sub>A</sub> and receive benefits b<sub>1</sub>, b<sub>2</sub>,…, b<sub>A</sub>)  A)  No; unrelated individuals will automatically set the benefits to 0, as Hamilton's rule for Multiple individuals is    B)  No; this case no longer addresses inclusive fitness, and Hamilton's rule does not apply. C)  Yes, if there are more related individuals benefiting than unrelated individuals, as Hamilton's rule for multiple individuals is   \sum _ { 1 } ^ { A } r _ { 1 } b _ { i } - c > 0  D)  Yes, as long as the benefits to related individuals satisfy   \sum _ { 1 } ^ { A } r _ { i } b _ { i } - c > 0
B) No; this case no longer addresses inclusive fitness, and Hamilton's rule does not apply.
C) Yes, if there are more related individuals benefiting than unrelated individuals, as Hamilton's rule for multiple individuals is
1Ar1bic>0\sum _ { 1 } ^ { A } r _ { 1 } b _ { i } - c > 0
D) Yes, as long as the benefits to related individuals satisfy
1Aribic>0\sum _ { 1 } ^ { A } r _ { i } b _ { i } - c > 0

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