Allopatric speciation requires

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Allopatric speciation requires complete geographic isolation, meaning that the populations are separated by a physical barrier such as a mountain range or body of water. Without this type of isolation, gene flow can occur and prevent the development of separate species. Abutting distributions (B) and overlapping distributions (C) refer to sympatric speciation, where the populations are in close proximity to each other. Differences in phenology (D) may contribute to reproductive isolation, but it is not a requirement for allopatric speciation.

Allopatric Speciation Requires