Which of the Following Is Not an Example of a Defensive

Which of the following is not an example of a defensive move to protect a company's market position and restrict a challenger's options for initiating competitive attack?

A) Granting volume discounts or better financing terms to dealers/distributors and providing discount coupons to buyers to help discourage them from experimenting with other suppliers or brands
B) Signaling challengers that retaliation is likely in the event they launch an attack
C) Publicly committing the company to a policy of matching a competitors' terms or prices
D) Maintaining a war chest of cash and marketable securities
E) Challenging struggling runner-up firms that are on the verge of going under