On Monday, Johnny's mother gave him cookies and milk after he had played quietly for 10 minutes. On Tuesday, she required 20 minutes of quiet play before treat time. On Wednesday, she gave him cookies only after he played quietly for a full half-hour. Johnny was taught to play quietly for extended periods through

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The process described is shaping. Shaping involves reinforcing behaviors that gradually approximate the target behavior. In this case, Johnny's mother gradually increased the amount of time he had to play quietly before receiving a treat, which is shaping his behavior towards longer periods of quiet play.

On Monday, Johnny's Mother Gave Him Cookies and Milk After