When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk, he prepared to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in

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The scenario described illustrates the bystander effect, which refers to the phenomenon whereby individuals are less likely to assist someone in need when others are present. This can happen because each individual assumes someone else will take responsibility for helping, leading to a diffusion of responsibility.

When 12-Year-Old Jamilah Saw an Old Man Lying on the Sidewalk