According to Freud, an adult who exhibits biting sarcasm and an exaggerated denial of his or her dependence on others shows signs of a(n)

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The individual exhibiting biting sarcasm and denial of dependence on others is displaying traits of a fixation, which is a term used in Freud's theory to describe when a person's psychosexual development was arrested at a particular stage. In this case, the fixation would likely be at the oral stage, where infants derive pleasure from biting and sucking. This can manifest in adulthood as a tendency to be sarcastic and overly independent, as a way of maintaining control and avoiding the vulnerability associated with dependence.

According to Freud, an Adult Who Exhibits Biting Sarcasm and an Exaggerated