During the initiation phase of transcription the sigma (σ) factor, which is bound to RNA polymerase, binds into the major groove of DNA and recognizes sequence elements at the promoter. This process forms a closed complex

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During the initiation phase of transcription, the sigma factor binds to RNA polymerase and recognizes sequence elements at the promoter, forming a closed complex.

During the Initiation Phase of Transcription the Sigma (σ) Factor