Question 1

The logical principle that allows objects to be grouped according to some characteristic that they share is called _____.

Accepted Answer

The principle of classification allows individuals to group objects according to a shared characteristic or feature. A) Concrete thought refers to the ability to think about things that are physically present in the environment. B) Automatization refers to the process of developing automatic responses to certain stimuli. D) Reversibility refers to the understanding that objects can be changed back to their original form.

Question 2

When capable of concrete operational thought, children _____.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, concrete operational thought occurs between the ages of 7 and 11. During this stage, children can apply their reasoning to real, tangible situations and use logic to solve problems. They are no longer limited to intuitive, perceptual focusing and are less likely to be misled by appearances. However, they may still struggle with reasoning about abstractions.

Question 3

The ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on certain stimuli or inputs while ignoring others. This is important for everyday tasks such as reading, driving or having a conversation in a noisy environment. Divided attention refers to the ability to pay attention to multiple stimuli at the same time, whereas automatization refers to the ability to perform tasks automatically without conscious thought. Reaction time is the time it takes to respond to a stimulus.

Question 4

A child is shown a large box and a small box. The large box contains a 5-pound weight and the small box contains a 10-pound weight. The child picks up the boxes and looks at them closely, and then is asked which weighs more. The child is no longer focused only on appearances, so he answers that the small box weighs more. Piaget would say that this child is in the_____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

In the concrete operational stage, which typically occurs between ages 7-12, a child is able to think logically and understand conservation of mass. They are able to understand that the amount of a substance does not change even if its appearance changes. In this scenario, the child is demonstrating an understanding of conservation and logical thinking by realizing that the small box must weigh more despite its size.

Question 5

Which statement about the difference between a 4-year-old and a 9-year-old is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the difference between a 4-year-old and a 9-year-old is that the 9-year-old can use mental categories more flexibly, inductively, and simultaneously, whereas the 4-year-old is unable to do so. This is due to the 9-year-old’s ability to apply abstract thought to the classification process, which allows them to think more logically and systematically about the relationships between objects and categories.

Question 6

Vygotsky might argue that all of the following could be an instructor to a 6-year-old child EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the importance of more capable individuals (MKOs) in a child's learning. A younger sibling would not be considered a more capable individual in this case, as they are not yet developmentally advanced enough to provide substantial guidance or support to the 6-year-old child.

Question 7

Vygotsky viewed _____ as being crucial to children's development of skills and knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky emphasized the importance of instruction, specifically within the zone of proximal development, in which a child is able to learn with the guidance and support of a more knowledgeable adult or peer.

Question 8

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural framework, every experience after _____ teaches individuals something.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's sociocultural framework states that every experience after birth teaches individuals something. This is because he believed that learning is a social process that occurs through interactions with more knowledgeable others in one's environment. Therefore, in order for learning to occur, there must be experiences and interactions from a very early age.

Question 9

According to Piaget, a child between the ages of 6 and 11 can apply logical principles to _____.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children between the ages of 6 and 11 are in the concrete operational stage, during which they are able to apply logical principles to concrete situations, such as those that are real, tangible, and visible. They are not yet capable of abstract thinking, which would be necessary for understanding concepts such as truth and liberty or questions of social justice and equality. Chemistry and physics may involve concrete situations, but they may also involve abstract concepts that are beyond the reach of concrete operational thinking. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 10

Dr. Smith is conducting a study to determine what 9-year-olds know. He believes that the 9-year-olds will advance in knowledge based on instructions. Dr. Smith's belief is based on _____.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Smith's belief aligns with Vygotsky's theory, which emphasizes the role of social interaction and instruction in cognitive development.

Question 11

According to Piaget, which ability do children gain during middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Piaget, which ability do children...

Question 12

What allows children to master the ability to read?

Accepted Answer

Massive interconnections in the brain, specifically in the areas related to language and reading, allow children to master the ability to read. These connections develop through exposure to language and reading, as well as through practice and repetition.

Question 13

Dr. Holiday is doing a study to determine how 9-year-olds think. He believes that the 9-year-olds should be able to reason logically about concrete situations, situations that are real, tangible, and visible. Dr. Holiday's belief is based on _____.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development includes the idea that children around the age of 9 enter the stage of concrete operations, where they are able to reason logically about concrete situations. This stage is marked by the ability to perform mental operations on tangible objects and to understand basic concepts such as conservation and cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 14

With concrete operational thought, children can _____.

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational thought allows children to think logically about visible, tangible things such as objects and events in their environment, but they may still struggle with abstract ideas and hypothetical situations. It does not necessarily mean they consistently make good decisions or solve most problems on their own.

Question 15

Nine-year-old Pete sorted screws, bolts, and nails into three piles by type. He is able to correctly sort the objects into separate piles because of the logical principle of _____.

Accepted Answer

Classification is the logical principle that allows a child to sort objects into groups according to their common features.

Question 16

In one study of reading and math ability in third- and fifth-grade children, the researchers found that high-scoring children usually had three sources of cognitive stimulation. Which was NOT a source of cognitive stimulation?

Accepted Answer

The study found that families, preschool programs, and first-grade curriculum were all sources of cognitive stimulation that were correlated with high scores in reading and math ability. However, media was not listed as a source of cognitive stimulation in this study.

Question 17

Nine-year-old Brady was invited to be part of the basketball team but his friend Aidan was not. Brady thinks that Aidan is a good basketball player. Brady is evaluating the situation and trying to decide if it was fair. What helps Brady with this decision is _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nine-year-old Brady was invited to be part...

Question 18

The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical order is the logical principle of _____.

Accepted Answer

Seriation refers to the ability to arrange objects in a logical order based on a particular criterion, such as size or length. The other options are related to different cognitive abilities, such as the conservation of quantity, classification of objects into categories, and the ability to mentally reverse actions.

Question 19

Seven-year-old Hannah can arrange 10 buttons in order from smallest to largest. Her understanding of _____ allows her to accomplish this.

Accepted Answer

Seriation is the ability to organize objects in a series according to a dimension such as size, height, or weight. Hannah's ability to arrange the buttons in order from smallest to largest indicates her understanding of seriation.

Question 20

A child in the concrete operational stage of cognitive development would be able to reason about all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child in the concrete operational stage...

Quiz 13: Adulthood: the Social World