The Nurse Is Caring for a 3-Year-Old Child Who Has

The nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child who has been hospitalized for internal fixation of a fractured arm.The nurse is considering nonpharmacological pain management techniques to implement.What interventions should be included in the plan of care?

A) Offer a glucose-coated pacifier.
B) Sit with the child and allow her to "blow bubbles."
C) Explain to the child the cause of the pain.
D) Teach the use of guided imagery.
E) Hold the child.