Two of Maxwell's equations contain an integral over a closed surface. For them the infinitesimal vector area is always:

Question

Two of Maxwell's equations contain an integral over a closed surface. For them the infinitesimal vector area  is always:

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The two equations that contain an integral over a closed surface are Gauss's Law and Faraday's Law. Both of these equations involve the flux of a vector field over a closed surface. By definition, the flux is given by the dot product of the vector field with the surface area vector. The surface area vector is always perpendicular to the surface and points outward, so the correct answer is B) perpendicular to the surface and pointing outward.

Two of Maxwell's Equations Contain an Integral Over a Closed