The current is zero in a conductor when no potential difference is applied because:
A)the electrons are not moving
B)the electrons are not moving fast enough
C)for every electron with a given velocity there is another with a velocity of equal magnitude and opposite direction
D)equal numbers of electrons and protons are moving together
E)otherwise Ohm's law would not be valid

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

In a conductor, the electrons are always in motion due to thermal energy. However, when no potential difference is applied, the velocities of the electrons are randomly distributed and cancel each other out in all directions, resulting in a net zero current. This is known as thermal equilibrium. Choice A and B are incorrect because the electrons are still in motion, just not in a preferred direction. Choice D is incorrect because the movement of electrons and protons does not necessarily have any correlation with the flow of current in a conductor. Choice E is not relevant to this question.

The Current Is Zero in a Conductor When No Potential