According to Vygotsky, the skills, knowledge, and concepts that the learner is close to acquiring but cannot yet master without help is referred to as _____.

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Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development refers to the skills and knowledge that a learner is close to acquiring but needs help to fully master. Guided participation is also a term used by Vygotsky to describe the process of learning from a more experienced individual. Operant conditioning refers to the use of reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior, and selective adaptation is a term used in evolutionary biology.

According to Vygotsky, the Skills, Knowledge, and Concepts That the Learner