The refusal to make loans or issue insurance in certain neighborhoods based on the racial composition or average income in the neighborhood,regardless of the characteristics of the individual homeowner is called:

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Redlining is the practice of denying loans, insurance or other financial services to people who live in certain neighborhoods based on their racial composition or income level. This practice often leads to the disinvestment in these areas, making it difficult for residents to access basic services and contributing to a cycle of poverty and degradation. Restrictive covenants refer to contractual agreements that limit the use or occupancy of property, usually to maintain certain standards or to prohibit certain activities. Racial steering is the practice of guiding potential homebuyers towards or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race or ethnicity. Finally, blockbusting involves inducing panic selling of homes in a neighborhood by making people believe that property values will decline due to an influx of a particular group of people, such as African Americans.

The Refusal to Make Loans or Issue Insurance in Certain