If a Distributor Persuades a Manufacturer to Refuse to Deal

If a distributor persuades a manufacturer to refuse to deal with a rival distributor, the two parties:

A) have committed a per se violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act.
B) do not violate Section 1 of the Sherman Act since this is a unilateral action.
C) are conspiring to form a monopoly, thus directly violating Section 2 of the Sherman Act.
D) are attempting vertical price-fixing.