The first morning cigarette in is best described as "__________" for nicotine-dependent smokers.
A) positively reinforcing
B) punishing
C) negatively reinforcing
D) secondarily reinforcing
Correct Answer:
Verified
Q50: Caffeine,nicotine,and _ are the most widely used
Q51: _ is associated with chronic caffeine use,which
Q52: The majority of nicotine is metabolized in
Q53: Caffeine is an _ to adenosine,and an
Q54: The reinforcing effect of caffeine appears to
Q56: When a smoker lights up and begins
Q57: Caffeine is an _ to adenosinergic pathways
Q58: Caffeine affects dopaminergic pathways primarily in the
Q59: The success rate for quitting smoking is
Q60: _ is the direct mechanism of action
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