Two of Maxwell's equations contain an integral over a closed surface.For them the infinitesimal vector area is always:

Question

Two of Maxwell's equations contain an integral over a closed surface.For them the infinitesimal vector area  is always:

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The integral in the two equations, Gauss's law and Faraday's law, involve a surface integral over a closed surface. In both cases, the vector area element, denoted by dA, represents an infinitesimal area element of the surface. The direction of the vector area element is chosen to be perpendicular to the surface and pointing outward, as determined by the right-hand rule. This convention ensures that the flux through the surface is positive when the field lines are pointing outward, and negative when they are pointing inward.

Two of Maxwell's Equations Contain an Integral Over a Closed