The interdict and excommunication were methods by which

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The interdict was a form of punishment by the Church in which religious services and sacraments were suspended in a particular region or kingdom, while excommunication was a more severe penalty in which an individual was expelled from the Church and denied access to the sacraments. Both were used by the Church to maintain its authority over the laity and secular rulers, and to enforce obedience to its doctrines and teachings.

The Interdict and Excommunication Were Methods by Which