Which study(ies)showed that the pressure of a social force was decreased by the presence of a dissenter?

Question

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Milgram's obedience study and Asch's conformity study both showed that the presence of a dissenter decreased the pressure of social forces. In Milgram's study, when a confederate refused to obey the authority figure, participants were more likely to also refuse. In Asch's study, when a confederate gave a different answer than the group, participants were more likely to also give a different answer. The Stanford Prison experiment and Festinger's cognitive dissonance study did not specifically study the effects of a dissenter on social pressure.

Which Study(ies)showed That the Pressure of a Social Force Was