Question 1

Dr.Redanka is an evolutionary psychologist who studies stereotypes and prejudice.Which of the following would best describe Dr.Redanka's belief?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Redanka's focus on evolutionary psychology suggests that our tendencies to have stereotypes and prejudices towards those who are different from us are rooted in our evolutionary history. Therefore, choice B, which suggests that we are prewired to perceive those who are different as inferior, best aligns with Dr. Redanka's beliefs.

Question 2

Which of the following products is most likely to use the peripheral route to persuasion?

Accepted Answer

Products like toilet paper are often considered low-involvement purchases where consumers are less motivated to engage in extensive information processing. As a result, advertisers may use peripheral cues such as attractive packaging or celebrity endorsements to persuade consumers to buy their brand.

Question 3

A stereotype is

Accepted Answer

A stereotype is a generalized impression about a group of people, which may be positive or negative. It is not necessarily a persistent negative attitude or used to justify discrimination. Prejudice is a negative attitude, but stereotypes may be either positive or negative.

Question 4

According to realistic conflict theory,which of the following would result in the highest levels of gender discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Realistic conflict theory suggests that discrimination arises out of competition for limited resources. In this scenario, the male worker in the factory is worried about possible layoffs, which could lead to increased competition and hostility towards women who are seen as a threat to his job. This would result in the highest levels of gender discrimination. None of the other options suggest a direct competition or threat to resources that could lead to discrimination.

Question 5

What is the difference between self-perception theory and cognitive dissonance theory of attitude change?

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory assumes that our attitudes were not clear to begin with and that we infer them by observing our own behavior and the context in which it occurs. In contrast, cognitive dissonance theory assumes that we have clear attitudes and that when our behaviors conflict with those attitudes, we experience discomfort or dissonance that motivates us to change our attitudes to match our behaviors.

Question 6

In the Robber's Cave experiment,which of the following best describes the outcome when one group of boys were required to compete against the other?

Accepted Answer

When the two groups of boys were required to compete against each other, they became hostile towards each other and refused to eat in the same room. This behavior is consistent with the theory of realistic group conflict, which suggests that when groups are in competition for limited resources, such as food or territory, they are more likely to exhibit intergroup hostility.

Question 7

What does the social desirability bias and implicit attitudes have in common?

Accepted Answer

Both social desirability bias and implicit attitudes contribute to the misrepresentation of our true attitudes. Social desirability bias refers to the tendency to answer questions in a way that presents oneself in the best possible light, which may not reflect one's true attitudes. Similarly, implicit attitudes are unconscious and automatic evaluations of people, groups, or objects that can differ from our explicit (conscious) attitudes, and therefore may not accurately represent our true beliefs or feelings.

Question 8

Jelena,an immigrant from Serbia living in Canada,is taking her friend Farida who is visiting from,India,to a new restaurant for lunch.After lunch,they order chocolate cake for dessert.Like Jelena the server is also Serbian.Based on social identity theory,what is the most likely possible outcome?

Accepted Answer

According to social identity theory, individuals tend to favor their own in-group over out-groups. In this scenario, the server and Jelena share a common identity as Serbians, which may lead to the server exhibiting in-group bias and giving Jelena the larger piece of cake.

Question 9

Mrs.Julliard is a grade six teacher.She has just overheard one of her students make a racist comment to another student.Based on the Robber's Cave experiment,what might be the best way for Mrs.Julliard to overcome the racist attitude of her student?

Accepted Answer

Based on the Robber's Cave experiment, the best way to overcome group conflicts and prejudices is to create situations where the individuals in the group have to work together towards a common goal. By assigning the two students to work together on a project, Mrs. Julliard can encourage them to collaborate and cooperate towards a shared objective, which could help break down barriers and reduce prejudice. Option A does not address the underlying prejudice and may reinforce it through segregation. Option B may be appropriate, but alone is not as effective in changing behavior as collaborative efforts. option D is incorrect, as research has shown that social intervention can be successful in reducing prejudice.

Question 10

Which of the following products is most likely to be marketed using the central route to persuasion?

Accepted Answer

Cars are a high involvement product and require more cognitive processing and consideration. Therefore, they are more likely to be marketed using the central route to persuasion, which involves a lot of information processing and logical evaluation of the product features and benefits.

Question 11

The Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Accepted Answer

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) uses a person's reaction times to help gauge his or her implicit attitudes. It measures the strength of associations between concepts (e.g. stereotypes) and evaluations (e.g. good or bad) or stereotypes and social groups.

Question 12

An in-group is

Accepted Answer

An in-group is a group that we believe shares our own characteristics. It is a group to which we belong or with which we identify more closely, often leading to bias or discrimination towards individuals outside of the group.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of social identity theory?

Accepted Answer

Social schema is not one of the components of social identity theory. The three main components are social categorization (where people are grouped based on shared characteristics), social identity (where individuals identify with one or more of the groups they belong to), and social comparison (where individuals compare their group with other groups).

Question 14

In the Robber's Cave experiment,which of the following best describes the outcome when the two groups of boys were required to work together toward a common goal?

Accepted Answer

The outcome when the two groups of boys were required to work together toward a common goal was that they overcame their initial animosity and worked together to successfully complete the challenges they faced. This cooperative behavior was encouraged by the experimenters through intergroup competitions, which helped to break down initial prejudices and stereotypes the two groups may have held about each other.

Question 15

According to Gawronski,which of the following elements has the greatest effect on reducing prejudice?

Accepted Answer

According to Gawronski, using all three elements together (listening to persuasive messages, writing arguments against prejudice, and presenting neutral information about a specific group) is the most effective way to reduce prejudice.

Question 16

Adam doesn't dislike Hispanic people,but he feels uncomfortable interacting with his Hispanic co-worker because he isn't sure how to act.Which of the following is most relevant to Adam's situation?

Accepted Answer

Social identity theory posits that people tend to categorize themselves and others into social groups, which can lead to in-group favoritism and out-group biases. Adam may feel uncomfortable interacting with his Hispanic co-worker because he perceives them as being in a different social group than himself, leading to uncertainty about how to behave.

Question 17

Jim is a white male who believes that he is having difficulty finding a job because of affirmative action in hiring.Which of the following theories is most relevant to Jim's belief?

Accepted Answer

Realistic conflict theory suggests that prejudice arises from competition among groups for scarce resources. Jim's belief that he is being disadvantaged in the job market due to affirmative action can be seen as a manifestation of this theory since he perceives that minority groups are receiving preferential treatment over him.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is generally true about racial attitudes in Canada and the United States today?

Accepted Answer

While discrimination is generally lower in both Canada and the United States today, there are still subtle degrees of prejudice that persist. Studies have shown that discrimination may manifest in more covert and indirect ways, such as through hiring and promotion practices or subtle biases. Full eradication of prejudice remains a long-term goal.

Question 19

Larissa is taking a test that presents her with several words and she has to identify i)if they are related to the word "old" or the word "young" and ii)if the word is pleasant or unpleasant.It is likely that Larissa is taking the ___.

Accepted Answer

The Implicit Attitudes Test (IAT) measures the strength of associations between concepts (e.g., old, young) and evaluations (e.g., pleasant, unpleasant) by observing the response times in categorizing the target words. This test is designed to reveal underlying attitudes or biases that a person may not be consciously aware of.

Question 20

Prejudice is to ___ as discrimination is to ___.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice refers to an attitude, a preconceived notion or belief about a person or group based on stereotypes or insufficient information. Discrimination, on the other hand, is a behavior, an action or practice based on prejudice. Therefore, the best choice is B, as prejudice is to attitude and discrimination is to behavior.

Quiz 13: social Psychology