________ animals have been genetically engineered so that a specific gene is disrupted and rendered nonfunctional.

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The term "knockout" specifically refers to animals that have been genetically engineered to have a specific gene disrupted or rendered nonfunctional. Transgenic animals may contain genes from other species or express genes in a different way, but this does not necessarily mean that a specific gene has been knocked out. Polyploid animals have extra sets of chromosomes and selectively bred animals have been chosen for certain traits through artificial selection. Cloning, while a form of genetic engineering, does not necessarily involve disrupting a specific gene.

________ Animals Have Been Genetically Engineered So That a Specific