The completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1885 and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994 both led to the destruction of less productive, higher-cost products and businesses.

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The completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway allowed for more efficient transportation of goods and led to the decline of small local markets, while NAFTA allowed for increased competition from cheaper imports, leading to the decline of some domestic businesses. Both of these events caused the destruction of less productive, higher-cost products and businesses.

The Completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1885 and the North