Maternal stress and smoking during pregnancy has not been found to be important risk factors for the development of behaviour problems in early childhood.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Maternal stress and smoking during pregnancy have both been found to be important risk factors for the development of behaviour problems in early childhood. Studies have shown that children whose mothers experienced high levels of stress during pregnancy are more likely to display behaviour problems such as anxiety, depression, and aggression. Similarly, smoking during pregnancy has been linked to a range of behavioural and developmental issues in children, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct problems, and reduced cognitive abilities.

Maternal Stress and Smoking During Pregnancy Has Not Been Found