Question 1

________ theory says that behavior is a function of its consequences.

Accepted Answer

The reinforcement theory proposes that people are motivated to perform behaviors that lead to positive reinforcements and avoid behaviors that lead to negative reinforcements. Therefore, behavior is a function of its consequences.

Question 2

________ and his associates proposed the three-needs theory.

Accepted Answer

David McClelland and his associates proposed the three-needs theory, which suggests that people are motivated by three needs: achievement, affiliation, and power.

Question 3

Goal-setting theory assumes that an individual is committed to the goal.Commitment is most likely when ________.

Accepted Answer

According to goal-setting theory, commitment to a goal is most likely when an individual has an internal locus of control, meaning they believe that they have control over the outcomes of their actions. This sense of control leads to a stronger commitment to achieving the goal. Therefore, Option C is the best choice. Option A is incorrect because self-set goals are actually more effective than assigned goals in increasing commitment. Option B is incorrect because making goals public can increase commitment, as the individual feels a sense of accountability to others. Option D is incorrect because high self-efficacy (belief in one's ability to succeed) is associated with higher commitment to goals.

Question 4

The three-needs theory of motivation states that there are three ________ needs that are major motives in work.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three-needs theory of motivation states that...

Question 5

According to the three-needs theory,the need for ________ is the need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise.

Accepted Answer

The need for power is the need to influence and control others, including making them behave in a certain way. This can include having control over resources, people, or situations. The other options, safety, affiliation, and achievement, do not necessarily involve exerting control over others.

Question 6

You are acting as manager and mentor to Melanie,an employee who has been identified as a high achiever.Going by McClelland's three-needs theory,which of the following measures would best help you motivate Marsha to do her best?

Accepted Answer

According to McClelland's theory, high achievers are motivated by personal responsibility, challenging and attainable goals, and immediate feedback. Giving Melanie a job that holds her personally responsible for finding solutions to problems would tap into her need for achievement and likely motivate her to perform at her best. Promising her a promotion and a raise (choice A) may be a motivator for some individuals, but high achievers are more motivated by the task itself rather than external rewards. Setting goals that are just out of reach (choice C) may be too challenging for Melanie and could actually discourage her. Giving her a managerial position that requires her to help others accomplish their goals (choice D) may not tap into her individual need for achievement, but rather her need for affiliation or power.

Question 7

People with a high need for achievement ________.

Accepted Answer

People with a high need for achievement prefer moderately challenging goals as they take pleasure in accomplishing difficult tasks. They feel motivated to perform better and work towards attaining success. However, they don't want the goal to be too easy as it doesn't provide them with a sense of accomplishment. Therefore, moderately challenging goals are preferred. The other options are not necessarily true for all individuals with a high need for achievement.

Question 8

Which of the following are the three needs identified in the three-needs theory of motivation?

Accepted Answer

The three needs identified in the three-needs theory of motivation are the need for achievement, the need for power, and the need for affiliation. Option A is incorrect because it includes the need for security, which is not part of the three-needs theory. Option C is incorrect because it includes the need for safety, which is also not part of the three-needs theory. Option D is incorrect because it includes the need for affiliation and the need for power, but it does not include the need for achievement. Therefore, the correct answer is B, which includes all three needs identified in the three-needs theory.

Question 9

The three needs identified in the three-needs theory can be measured by using a projective test known as the ________ in which respondents react to a set of pictures.Each picture is briefly shown to a person who writes a story based on the picture.Trained interpreters then determine the individual's levels of nAch,nPow,and nAff from the stories written.

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is the projective test used to measure the three needs identified in the three-needs theory. The test involves showing a series of ambiguous pictures to the respondent, who is then asked to create a story based on each picture. Trained interpreters then analyze the stories to determine the individual's levels of nAch, nPow, and nAff. The other answer choices are not relevant to the three-needs theory.

Question 10

According to the three-needs theory,the best managers tend to be ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the three-needs theory,the best managers...

Question 11

Goal-setting theory says that ________.

Accepted Answer

Goal-setting theory states that difficult goals lead to higher performance than easy or vague goals. However, the goals should still be seen as attainable or achievable, as overly difficult goals may result in frustration or demotivation. Therefore, Option A is incorrect. Option B does not provide specific or measurable objectives to work towards, and is therefore not an effective approach to goal-setting. Option D suggests setting goals that are easily achievable, which may not provide the necessary challenge and motivation to increase performance.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about Herzberg's two-factor theory?

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's two-factor theory has had a significant impact on job design and the understanding of employee motivation. It has influenced the creation of job enrichment and job rotation, both of which aim to increase job satisfaction and motivation. Choice A is incorrect as Herzberg believed that the factors that led to job satisfaction were not the same as those that led to job dissatisfaction. Choice B is incorrect as Herzberg emphasized the importance of the motivator factors, not the hygiene factors. Choice D is not entirely true as removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job does not necessarily make it more motivating, but rather it may only reduce dissatisfaction.

Question 13

The goal-setting theory has the most value when ________.

Accepted Answer

The goal-setting theory emphasizes the importance of setting specific and challenging goals that are also made public, which enhances individuals' commitment and motivation toward achieving those goals. Therefore, the theory has the most value when the goals are made public, as in option D. Additionally, research shows that setting public goals can also increase accountability and create a sense of social support from others, further increasing motivation and success in achieving the goals.

Question 14

In the context of the reinforcement theory,reinforcers are ________.

Accepted Answer

Reinforcers are consequences that immediately follow a behavior and increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated. This is one of the basic principles of the reinforcement theory.

Question 15

The goal-setting theory states that ________.

Accepted Answer

The goal-setting theory, as proposed by Edwin Locke and others, suggests that setting specific and challenging goals can lead to higher performance and that employee participation in setting these goals is not always necessary for this effect to occur. The theory emphasizes clarity, challenge, commitment, feedback, and task complexity as key factors in goal-setting effectiveness.

Question 16

The goal-setting theory has most value in countries where ________.

Accepted Answer

The goal-setting theory emphasizes on setting challenging but achievable goals and providing feedback to enhance motivation and performance. This theory is best applicable in countries where subordinates are reasonably independent, as they can actively participate in the goal-setting process and have control over achieving the goals. Countries with high power distance may face challenges in implementing this theory, as subordinates may not have a say in setting the goals. Countries with low uncertainty avoidance or high assertiveness may not necessarily have a significant impact on the application of this theory.

Question 17

According to the three-needs theory,the need for ________ is the desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships.

Accepted Answer

The need for affiliation is the desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships.

Question 18

Which of the following needs identified in the three-needs theory has been researched the most?

Accepted Answer

Achievement is the need identified in the three-needs theory that has been researched the most. There has been a significant amount of research focused on understanding the factors that influence an individual's drive to achieve, as well as the impact of achievement motivation on behavior and performance.

Question 19

According to the three-needs theory,the need for ________ is the drive to succeed and excel in relation to a set of standards.

Accepted Answer

The need for achievement refers to the drive to succeed and excel in relation to a set of standards, which is a key component of the three-needs theory. Control refers to the need to have influence over one's environment, affiliation refers to the need for interpersonal relationships and social connections, and power refers to the need to have an impact on others and control their outcomes.

Question 20

Herzberg called the factors that create job dissatisfaction ________ factors; when these factors are adequate,people won't be dissatisfied,but they won't be satisfied either.

Accepted Answer

Herzberg called the factors that create job dissatisfaction hygiene factors. When these factors are adequate, people won't be dissatisfied, but they won't be satisfied either.

Quiz 17: Motivating Employees