The electrochemical gradient in a chloroplast can have a concentration of protons 1000 times greater on one side of a thylakoid membrane than the other.

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This is true. During photosynthesis, protons are pumped from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen, creating a gradient of protons that can be used to generate ATP via ATP synthase. The concentration of protons in the lumen can become 1000 times greater than in the stroma.

The Electrochemical Gradient in a Chloroplast Can Have a Concentration