Invasive species spread to new areas through all of following mechanisms EXCEPT:

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All of the listed mechanisms are known ways through which invasive species can spread to new areas. Purposeful importing can introduce non-native species for agriculture, horticulture, or pet trade. Ballast water in ships can carry aquatic organisms across oceans. Migratory birds can transport seeds or small organisms on their bodies or in their digestive tracts. Shipping of produce can inadvertently move pests and diseases along with the goods.

Invasive Species Spread to New Areas Through All of Following