A molecule of the fatty acid palmitic acid yields approximately 106 molecules of ATP. How is this possible if fatty acids are not substrates for glycolysis?
A) Fatty acid oxidation produces the electron carriers FADH2 and NADH as well as molecules of acetyl CoA, all of which directly or indirectly provide substrates for the electron transport chain.
B) Fatty acids donate their electrons directly to the electron transport chain.
C) Palmitic acid is first converted to glucose in order to begin the sequence of steps necessary for oxidative phosphorylation.
D) Palmitic acid produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation, and therefore does not need to go through the steps of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, or the electron transport chain.
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