You May Have Heard of "Polar Bears," or People Who

You may have heard of "polar bears," or people who choose to swim in the ocean during the winter months (often for charity) . What happens to arterioles in the feet of a "polar bear" when he or she first steps into ice-cold water?

A) Arterioles will likely dilate, providing more heat to the feet and toes.
B) Arterioles will likely constrict to prevent the "polar bear" from losing heat from his or her feet.
C) As feet placed in cold water will begin to shiver (and lose energy) , the arterioles will dilate to provide cells of the "polar bear's" feet and toes with more O₂ to be used during cellular respiration.
D) The arterioles in the feet of the "polar bear" will constrict completely, resulting in his or her feet being severely oxygen deprived.
E) The arterioles in the feet of the "polar bear" will neither constrict nor dilate, as vessel diameter is independent of changes in temperature.