Nicotiana attenuata is subject to damage by both generalist and specialist herbivores. The production of nicotine is not effective against one specialist, M. sexta. If an individual of N. attenuata is being eaten by both M. sexta and a generalist herbivore, what would you expect to happen?
A) The production of nicotine would stop because it is costly and ineffective against M. sexta.
B) The production of nicotine would increase, and the individual would also produce chemicals that attract insects that prey on different life stages of M. sexta.
C) The production of nicotine will decrease because energy must be devoted to the growth of spines to defend against M. sexta.
D) The production of nicotine will continue because its production is stimulated by the generalist herbivore. The energetic cost of producing nicotine makes it impossible for the individual to mount any other defenses against specialist herbivores.
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