Question 1

How people understand disease is critical for their behavior when they believe they are ill. Discuss each of the five components that Leventhal and his associates have identified as components of illness conceptualizations in terms of the implications for illness behavior.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Differentially define the terms health, disease, and illness. Identify a drawback in the definition of health. Illustrate the distinction between disease and illness with a few brief examples.

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Question 3

In addition to being ill, what makes hospitalization stressful? Why don't hospitals make changes to alleviate these circumstances?

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Question 4

Sick role behaviors occur before a person has seen a health care provider and prior to receiving a diagnosis from that health care provider.​

Accepted Answer

Sick role behaviors typically occur after a person has seen a health care provider and received a diagnosis, as it involves the expectations and obligations that come with being recognized as ill.

Question 5

African Americans are more likely than European Americans to visit a physician.​

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that African Americans are less likely to visit a physician compared to European Americans, often due to factors such as access to healthcare, socioeconomic status, and historical mistrust of the medical system.

Question 6

People often seek medical information from their family and friends, also known as their lay referral network.​

Accepted Answer

This is a common occurrence, where people turn to their social network for medical advice or information before seeking professional help.

Question 7

What circumstances restrict people's access to adequate health care?

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Question 8

Differentiate illness behavior from sick role behavior and give examples of each.
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Question 9

In the United States, medical errors are the second leading cause of death.​

Accepted Answer

Heart disease and cancer are the leading causes of death in the United States, with medical errors not officially ranked as the second leading cause by major health organizations such as the CDC.

Question 10

Young adults show the greatest reluctance to seek health care.​

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that young adults, particularly those between the ages of 18-29, are the least likely age group to seek health care. This may be due to a variety of factors, including lack of health insurance, fear of judgment or embarrassment, and belief that they are healthy and don't need to see a doctor.

Question 11

What are the rights and responsibilities of the sick role that Alexander Segall identified? Briefly discuss the nature of these rights and responsibilities and give some examples of situations in reality that conflict with them.

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Question 12

What is a consideration for children who must be hospitalized and how do pediatric hospitals and health psychologists address it? Discuss some research findings about various interventions and their relative effectiveness.

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Question 13

What four characteristics of symptoms influence how people respond to disease, and how? Give brief examples.

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Question 14

What is a lay referral network? When and how do people use it? Give an example. Cite some related research findings. How can lay referral networks help people who are experiencing symptoms?

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Men tend to report only life-threatening situations, such as heart disease, whereas women tend to report more body symptoms and distress.​

Accepted Answer

This statement is supported by research on gender differences in health reporting and communication. Men are more likely to report health concerns related to major organ systems, while women are more likely to report non-specific symptoms such as fatigue and pain. This may be due in part to social and cultural factors that influence how men and women perceive and communicate about health.

Question 16

People with a disease are also ill.​

Accepted Answer

Not all diseases cause noticeable symptoms or illness; some individuals may have a disease but remain asymptomatic or feel well.

Question 17

What personal and social factors influence seeking health care?

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Question 18

Those actions people undertake to learn whether or not they are ill are called illness behaviors.​

Accepted Answer

Illness behaviors refer to the actions people take to determine their health status, such as seeking medical attention, monitoring symptoms, and researching potential diagnoses.

Question 19

Women are more likely than men to seek health care, even when pregnancy and childbirth are not considered.​

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that women are more likely to seek health care and utilize health services compared to men, especially for preventive care and regular check-ups. This trend holds true even when pregnancy and childbirth are not considered. Possible reasons for this disparity include cultural and societal expectations, biological differences, and differences in health knowledge and awareness.

Question 20

Emily is trying to decide between two doctors: one is female and one is male. Research on how doctors interact with their patients suggests that Emily may want to consider choosing the female doctor, as this doctor is more likely to spend more time with her and be more positive when communicating with her.​

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that female doctors tend to spend more time with patients and have more positive communication styles. However, this does not mean that all female doctors are better than all male doctors, and the decision ultimately should be based on individual factors such as qualifications and personal preferences.

Quiz 3: Seeking and Receiving Health Care

How people understand disease is critical for their behavior when they believe they are ill. Discuss each of the five components that Leventhal and his associates have identified as components of illness conceptualizations in terms of the implications for illness behavior.

Differentially define the terms health, disease, and illness. Identify a drawback in the definition of health. Illustrate the distinction between disease and illness with a few brief examples.

In addition to being ill, what makes hospitalization stressful? Why don't hospitals make changes to alleviate these circumstances?

Sick role behaviors occur before a person has seen a health care provider and prior to receiving a diagnosis from that health care provider.​

African Americans are more likely than European Americans to visit a physician.​

People often seek medical information from their family and friends, also known as their lay referral network.​

What circumstances restrict people's access to adequate health care?

Differentiate illness behavior from sick role behavior and give examples of each. ​

In the United States, medical errors are the second leading cause of death.​

Young adults show the greatest reluctance to seek health care.​

What are the rights and responsibilities of the sick role that Alexander Segall identified? Briefly discuss the nature of these rights and responsibilities and give some examples of situations in reality that conflict with them.

What is a consideration for children who must be hospitalized and how do pediatric hospitals and health psychologists address it? Discuss some research findings about various interventions and their relative effectiveness.

What four characteristics of symptoms influence how people respond to disease, and how? Give brief examples.

What is a lay referral network? When and how do people use it? Give an example. Cite some related research findings. How can lay referral networks help people who are experiencing symptoms?

Men tend to report only life-threatening situations, such as heart disease, whereas women tend to report more body symptoms and distress.​

People with a disease are also ill.​

What personal and social factors influence seeking health care?

Those actions people undertake to learn whether or not they are ill are called illness behaviors.​

Women are more likely than men to seek health care, even when pregnancy and childbirth are not considered.​

Sick role behaviors occur before a person has seen a health care provider and prior to receiving a diagnosis from that health care provider.

African Americans are more likely than European Americans to visit a physician.

People often seek medical information from their family and friends, also known as their lay referral network.

Differentiate illness behavior from sick role behavior and give examples of each.

In the United States, medical errors are the second leading cause of death.

Young adults show the greatest reluctance to seek health care.

Men tend to report only life-threatening situations, such as heart disease, whereas women tend to report more body symptoms and distress.

People with a disease are also ill.

Those actions people undertake to learn whether or not they are ill are called illness behaviors.

Women are more likely than men to seek health care, even when pregnancy and childbirth are not considered.