Among Techniques Used by the Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Therapist to Alter

Among techniques used by the Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy therapist to alter maladaptive patterns, one is NOT to offer:

A) reflection (paraphrasing clients' statements or commenting on emotional states in order to enhance their awareness of current experiences) ,
B) clarification (asking clients to attend more closely to some aspects of their experience in order to see connections or patterns) ,
C) interpretation (commenting on a problem or experience and relating it to the use of defense mechanisms or underlying core conflictual themes) , and
D) control (controlling clients use of defense mechanisms that are interfering with their optimal functioning) .