Evolution has provided enormous diversity in the number of vertebrae among vertebrate species.Vertebrae are differentiated during embryonic development by

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The pattern of homeotic gene expression, which determines the identity and position of different segments along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing embryo, is responsible for the differentiation of vertebrae. Different vertebrates have different patterns of gene expression, leading to the variation in the number and arrangement of vertebrae observed across species. Hormone induction, backbone length, and structural support needs may play a role in some aspects of vertebral development, but they are not the primary drivers of vertebral differentiation.

Evolution Has Provided Enormous Diversity in the Number of Vertebrae