Social identity theory proposes that people have emotional reactions to the failure or success of their group because their self-esteem is tied into the performance of the group.

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Social identity theory states that people derive part of their self-concept from the groups to which they belong, and therefore their self-esteem is tied to the performance of their group. When their group succeeds, it boosts their self-esteem, while failure can lower their self-esteem, leading to emotional reactions.

Social Identity Theory Proposes That People Have Emotional Reactions to the Failure