The presence of heavy proteinuria is most characteristic of:

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Heavy proteinuria (3.5 grams or more per day) is the hallmark of nephrotic syndrome, a disorder that affects the glomeruli of the kidneys and causes excess protein to leak into the urine. Acute glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis may cause proteinuria, but typically not to the extent seen in nephrotic syndrome. Acute interstitial nephritis is characterized by inflammation in the kidney tissue, which can lead to impaired renal function, but proteinuria is not a prominent feature.

The Presence of Heavy Proteinuria Is Most Characteristic Of