Hofstede (1980) presented a statistical analysis of about 117,000 questionnaires collected in 1967 and 1973 from employees working in IBM subsidiaries in 40 different countries. The most important result of this analysis was a theoretical formulation of value dimensions for representing differences among national cultures, which consists of:

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

All of the above are included in Hofstede's theoretical formulation of value dimensions for representing differences among national cultures. Power distance refers to the extent to which less powerful individuals in a society accept and expect unequal distribution of power. Masculinity/feminity refers to the degree of preference for traditionally masculine or feminine values in a society. Uncertainty avoidance refers to the level of discomfort felt by individuals in uncertain or ambiguous situations. Individual-collectivism refers to the extent to which individuals in a society prioritize their own goals over group goals, or vice versa.

Hofstede (1980) Presented a Statistical Analysis of About 117,000 Questionnaires