Vertical Marketing Systems Refer to

Vertical marketing systems refer to

A) professionally managed geographically dispersed marketing channels designed to achieve channel economies and maximize marketing impact.
B) professionally managed and centrally coordinated marketing channels designed to achieve channel economies and maximum marketing impact.
C) retailer-sponsored cooperatives where small,independent retailers form an organization that operates a wholesale facility cooperatively.
D) professionally managed geographically dispersed marketing channels that are controlled through strategic channel alliances.
E) channel partnerships that share responsibility for ordering and physically distributing each other's products.