The medial preoptic area, medial amygdala, and bed nucleus of stria terminalis are larger in male rodents than in their female counterparts. Postnatal castration reduces the size of these nuclei in males, while neonatal testosterone treatment or inhibition of programmed cell death increases their size in females. Are these sexual dimorphisms due to direct action by testosterone or by estradiol? Describe at least two experiments and outcomes that would allow you to distinguish between these models.
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