Self-Identified Republicans and Democrats Judge Government Spending Differently Depending on Whether

Self-identified Republicans and Democrats judge government spending differently depending on whether a Republican or Democrat made the proposal. This demonstrates that:

A) poll results depend on the wording of the question.
B) most people form their opinions on the spot using a wide range of considerations.
C) random samples are hard to obtain.
D) researchers in the 1950s were correct in saying that there is no public opinion.
E) party leaders manipulate voters into supporting their ideas.