In 2004, the Human Genome Project published a human genome map that indicated that:

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The human genome map published in 2004 indicated that 20,000-25,000 genes are responsible for the human body's proteins. This was a surprising result, as many scientists had previously estimated that humans would have a much larger number of genes. Later research revealed that the complexity of human biology is due to factors such as alternative splicing of genes and post-translational modifications of proteins, rather than simply the number of genes.

In 2004, the Human Genome Project Published a Human Genome