Deck 3: Image Formation and Radiographic Quality

Question 1

_____ results in the process of image formation, whereby the x-ray beam interacts with the anatomic tissue, and a portion of the beam strikes the image receptor.

A) Transference
B) Differential absorption
C) Molecular modeling
D) Compensating filtration

Answer 1

Differential absorption

Question 2

The interaction between x-ray photons and tissue that results in production of a secondary x-ray photon is the:

A) Coherent interaction
B) Compton interaction
C) Photoelectric interaction
D) Characteristic interaction

Answer 2

Photoelectric interaction

Question 3

Interactions of low energy x-rays (energies below the diagnostic range)with tissue include:

A) Pair production
B) Coherent scattering
C) Photodisintegration
D) A and C

Answer 3

Coherent scattering

Question 4

The x-ray photon that is scattered as a result of the Compton effect cannot:

A) Be absorbed in the tissue, resulting in additional patient exposure
B) Strike the image receptor, providing useful anatomic information
C) Strike the image receptor without providing useful information
D) Exit the patient, exposing persons near the patient

Question 5

When the x-ray photon travels completely through the part, that activity is called:

A) Acceleration
B) Attenuation
C) Transmission
D) Absorption

Question 6

When the x-ray photon strikes an atom within the tissue being imaged and loses all of its energy to an inner shell electron of that atom, the photon is said to have been _____ and undergone the _____.

A) Transmitted, Compton effect
B) Absorbed, photoelectric interaction
C) Attenuated, Compton effect
D) Scattered, coherent interaction

Question 7

The outer shell electron that is ejected during the Compton interaction is also known as a:

A) Photoelectron
B) Secondary electron
C) Compton electron
D) B and C

Question 8

The photoelectric effect involves the removal (ejection)of an electron.This process of removing an electron from an atom is known as:

A) Attenuation
B) Transmission
C) Ionization
D) Differential absorption

Question 9

Interactions of high energy x-rays (energies beyond the diagnostic range)with tissue include:

A) Pair production
B) Coherent scattering
C) Photodisintegration
D) A and C

Question 10

Remnant radiation will be reduced by one half for every additional ________ of part thickness.

A) 4 to 5 cm
B) 8 to 10 cm
C) 4 to 5 inches
D) 8 to 10 inches

Question 11

Muscle tissue absorbs more radiation than fat tissue because muscle tissue has a:

A) Higher atomic number
B) Lower atomic number
C) Higher tissue density
D) Lower tissue density

Question 12

Brightness/density is a quality related to the _____________ of the radiographic image.

A) Visibility of structures
B) Accuracy of structural lines
C) Spatial resolution
D) B and C

Question 13

Unwanted exposure to the IR due to scatter radiation is called:

A) Latent
B) Manifest
C) Fog
D) Cloudiness

Question 14

At higher kilovoltage, _____ photon interactions occur, resulting in _____ transmission.

A) More, increased
B) More, less
C) Fewer, increased
D) Fewer, less

Question 15

_____ is the loss of some of the energy from the x-ray beam as it passes through the tissue being imaged.

A) Compensating filtration
B) Attenuation
C) Photon transmission
D) Photoelectric scattering

Question 16

The x-ray beam that leaves the patient in the direction of the image receptor is often referred to as:

A) Primary radiation
B) Remnant radiation
C) Absorbed radiation
D) Scattered radiation

Question 17

The _____ image occurs first on the image receptor, and the _____ image occurs following proper image development/processing.

A) Manifest, latent
B) Invisible, latent
C) Visible, manifest
D) Latent, manifest

Question 18

When the x-ray photon strikes an atom within the tissue being imaged and loses only part of its energy to an outer shell electron of that atom, the photon is said to have been _____ and undergone the _____.

A) Transmitted, coherent effect
B) Absorbed, photoelectric interaction
C) Attenuated, photoelectric interaction
D) Scattered, Compton interaction

Question 19

When the entering x-ray photon loses energy and changes its path of travel as a result of interacting with an atom, the interaction is known as the:

A) Compensating effect
B) Photoelectric interaction
C) Characteristic effect
D) Compton effect

Question 20

Contrast is a quality related to the _____________ of the radiographic image.

A) Visibility of structures
B) Accuracy of structural lines
C) Spatial resolution
D) B and C

Question 21

An artifact that is classified as minus-density:

A) Is darker than the surrounding image
B) Is lighter than the surrounding image
C) Is the same brightness as the surrounding image
D) A and B

Question 22

Spatial resolution is improved with:

A) Increased pixel size
B) Increased pixel pitch
C) Increased pixel density
D) Increased pixel bit depth

Question 23

As compared to digital imaging, film-screen imaging has:

A) A wider dynamic range
B) A narrower dynamic range
C) The same dynamic range
D) No dynamic range

Question 24

Subject contrast is dependent on the:

A) Energy of the x-ray beam
B) Quantity of radiation used
C) Absorption characteristics of the tissue being imaged
D) A and C

Question 25

With film-screen imaging, anatomic tissues, such as bone, that absorb most of the radiation result in that area of the image being:

A) More blurred
B) Sharper
C) Darker (more density)
D) Lighter (less density)

Question 26

Which of the following is an advantage to film-screen imaging when compared to digital imaging?

A) Contrast resolution
B) Dynamic range
C) Image processing time
D) None of the above

Question 27

The number of shades of gray that can be displayed by a computer system is:

A) Scale of contrast
B) Short scale
C) Long scale
D) Grayscale

Question 28

Radiographic misrepresentation of the size or shape of the anatomic structure being imaged is:

A) Magnification
B) Elongation
C) Foreshortening
D) all of the above

Question 29

Shape distortion includes:

A) Magnification
B) Elongation
C) Size distortion
D) All of the above

Question 30

An increase in noise on the radiographic image:

A) Indicates greater quantum mottle
B) Is more likely with digital imaging than with film-screen
C) Is the result of fewer than appropriate x-ray photons reaching the IR
D) All of the above

Question 31

A larger bit depth:

A) Increases contrast resolution
B) Decreases contrast resolution
C) Has no effect on contrast resolution
D) Increases the pixel density

Question 32

An unwanted image on a radiograph is:

A) Excessive image contrast
B) The result of overexposure
C) An artifact
D) None of the above

Question 33

Difference in the brightness levels or densities is:

A) Density
B) Image contrast
C) Brightness
D) Spatial resolution

Question 34

Due to ________________________, repeats are often needed with film-screen imaging, because the image is too dark or light.

A) Chemical processing
B) The use of intensifying screens
C) Its narrow dynamic range
D) Its wide dynamic range

Question 35

The sharpness of recorded detail and the visibility of recorded detail are:

A) Considered as separate image qualities except when imaging small objects
B) Considered as separate image qualities except when imaging large objects
C) Always considered as separate image qualities
D) Never considered as separate image qualities

Question 36

The overall blackness on the processed film image is:

A) Density
B) Image contrast
C) Brightness
D) Spatial resolution

Question 37

The amount of luminance of a display monitor is:

A) Density
B) Image contrast
C) Brightness
D) Spatial resolution

Question 38

An image that has excessive brightness or insufficient density is considered:

A) Diagnostic
B) Unacceptable
C) Acceptable
D) Excellent

Question 39

A film image with a large number of similar densities:

A) Appears gray
B) Has long scale contrast
C) Has low contrast
D) All of the above

Question 40

A larger bit depth:

A) Results in increased spatial resolution
B) Reduces the number of shades of gray
C) Increases the number of shades of gray
D) Affects both digital and film-screen image quality

Question 41

An area of increased brightness on a display monitor will show decreased density on a film image.

Question 42

Magnification always results in reduced recorded detail.

Question 43

The Compton interaction can occur within all diagnostic x-ray energies.

Question 44

The photoelectric effect is dependent on both the energy of the x-ray photon and the composition of the anatomic tissue.

Question 45

Recorded detail is the term commonly used in digital imaging to describe the accuracy of the structural lines that make up the image.

Question 46

The abdomen has low subject contrast.

Question 47

Approximately 20% of the primary x-ray beam actually reaches the image receptor.

Question 48

X-ray absorption is more likely in tissues with a lower atomic number.

Question 49

The highest quality radiographic image has no unsharpness.

Question 50

The brightness/density and contrast of film-screen and digital manifest images can be adjusted, just in different ways.

Question 51

Beam attenuation is increased with a higher-energy x-ray beam.

Question 52

Radiographic images of structures are always magnified when compared to the actual structure.

Question 53

Shape distortion can be useful in radiographic imaging.

Question 54

Quantum noise is significantly more likely with digital imaging.

Question 55

Bit depth is determined by the matrix size.

Question 56

Compton interactions are more likely to occur in soft tissue as compared to bone.

Question 57

The primary factor that affects film-screen density is the quantity of radiation reaching the IR.