Deck 21: Special Senses

Question 1

Which of the following statements about the cornea is TRUE?

A) The outer surface is keratinized simple squamous epithelium.
B) The outer surface is nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium.
C) The connective tissue layer of the cornea is avascular.
D) It contains proteins called crystallins.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the sensation of hearing?

A) spiral organ
B) ampulla
C) saccule
D) utricle

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The vitreous body:

A) is produced by the ciliary processes.
B) undergoes constant replacement.
C) is the main contributor to intraocular pressure.
D) none of these choices.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Select the best description for the fungiform papillae:

A) largest type; all contain taste buds
B) distributed in V-shaped row on the anterior portion of the tongue
C) mushroom shaped; evenly distributed over the tongue
D) contain no taste buds

Question 5

A layer of dense connective tissue that covers the entire eyeball except the cornea is called _____.

A) choroid
B) conjunctiva
C) sclera
D) uvea

Question 6

The cranial nerves containing neurons of the gustatory pathway are:
1) facial (VII) nerve
2) vagus (X) nerve
3) glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
4) trigeminal (V) nerve
5) abducens (VI) nerve

A) 1, 3, 5
B) 2, 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 3
D) 1, 4, 5

Question 7

Place the following in the correct order for the transmission of olfactory information that results in odor perception.
1) olfactory bulbs
2) olfactory tract
3) temporal cortex
4) olfactory (I) nerves
5) frontal cortex

A) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5
B) 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
C) 2, 1, 4, 3, 5
D) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5

Question 8

Mucus found on the surface of the olfactory epithelium:

A) is produced by glands beneath the olfactory epithelium.
B) makes it possible for odorants to react with the olfactory receptors.
C) is produced in increased amounts in response to stimulation by the facial (VII) nerves.
D) All of these choices.

Question 9

Select the best description for the vallate (circumvallate) papillae:

A) largest type; all contain taste buds
B) distributed in V-shaped row on the anterior portion of the tongue
C) mushroom shaped; evenly distributed over the tongue
D) contain no taste buds

Question 10

Obstruction or blockage of the nasolacrimal duct will prevent drainage of tears into the:

A) aqueous humor
B) vitreous humor
C) nasal cavity
D) ciliary body

Question 11

The vestibular apparatus is located in the:

A) middle ear.
B) anterior cavity of the eye.
C) nasal cavity.
D) internal ear.

Question 12

The facial (VII) nerve and vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve both travel through the facial canal of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. A tumor located in this canal will potentially interfere with the special sense(s) of:

A) taste
B) hearing
C) equilibrium
D) All of these choices

Question 13

The olfactory epithelium occupies the superior part of the:

A) nasal cavity.
B) nasal septum.
C) superior nasal conchae.
D) All of these choices.

Question 14

Select the best description for the filiform papillae:

A) largest type; all contain taste buds
B) distributed in V-shaped row on the anterior portion of the tongue
C) mushroom shaped; evenly distributed over the tongue
D) contain no taste buds

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the external ear?

A) auditory tube
B) helix
C) lobule
D) external auditory canal

Question 16

Select the best description for the lacrimal glands:

A) near the external opening of the external auditory canal
B) embedded in tarsal plate of eyelid
C) superior and lateral to the eyeball
D) in connective tissue underneath the olfactory epithelium
E) at the base of the follicles of the eyelashes

Question 17

In what order do the following structures vibrate as sound is transmitted?
1) stapes
2) tympanic membrane
3) oval window
4) incus
5) malleus

A) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3
B) 3, 4, 5, 1, 2
C) 2, 1, 5, 4, 3
D) 2, 5, 4, 1, 3

Question 18

All of the following are accessory structures of the eye EXCEPT:

A) palpebrae
B) lacrimal apparatus
C) intrinsic muscles
D) eyelashes

Question 19

Taste buds of a young adult are located on the:

A) epiglottis
B) pharynx
C) tongue and soft palate
D) All of these choices

Question 20

Which of the following types of cells is the first to receive a light ray as it travels through the retina?

A) bipolar cell
B) ganglion cell
C) pigmented epithelium
D) photoreceptor cell

Question 21

The bony labyrinth contains perilymph; the membranous labyrinth contains endolymph.

Question 22

Olfactory receptors and gustatory receptors each contain three types of cells. Briefly describe each of these cells and state the function of each. Your answer should point out some major differences in each cell type between the two receptors.

Question 23

The vestibular apparatus consists of the organs responsible for hearing and equilibrium.

Question 24

The perception of taste will be significantly altered by obstructions of the nasal cavity (e.g. nasal congestion).

Question 25

Select the best description for the olfactory (Bowman's) gland:

A) near the external opening of the external auditory canal
B) embedded in tarsal plate of eyelid
C) superior and lateral to the eyeball
D) in connective tissue underneath the olfactory epithelium
E) at the base of the follicles of the eyelashes

Question 26

Infection of the tarsal glands creates a pus-filled swelling called a sty.

Question 27

List the layers of cells in the neural portion of the retina in the order in which light passes through them. Compare this to the order for the direction of visual data processing.

Question 28

Large papillae that always contain taste buds and that are found in a V-shaped row on the posterior region of the tongue are called vallate (circumvallate) papillae.

Question 29

Olfactory receptor cells are unipolar neurons.

Question 30

Describe the various pathways for gustatory sensations from different regions of the oral cavity and pharynx to the primary gustatory cortex.

Question 31

The mucous membrane lining the inner aspect of the eyelids is the bulbar conjunctiva.

Question 32

Select the best description for the ceruminous glands:

A) near the external opening of the external auditory canal
B) embedded in tarsal plate of eyelid
C) superior and lateral to the eyeball
D) in connective tissue underneath the olfactory epithelium
E) at the base of the follicles of the eyelashes

Question 33

Glaucoma, the most common cause of blindness in the United States, results from abnormal build-up of aqueous humor in the anterior cavity of the eye.

Question 34

Describe the individual layers of the wall of the eyeball, from outermost to innermost layer.

Question 35

Olfactory receptors, which are specialized neurons, are replaced regularly by the basal cells of the olfactory epithelium.

Question 36

In bright light, impulses from sympathetic neurons cause a constriction of the pupil due to contraction of the radial muscle fibers of the iris.

Question 37

In the retina, cones are more numerous than rods.

Question 38

The space within the eye between the lens and the cornea is the anterior cavity.

Question 39

Sensory input from the vestibular apparatus is transmitted to the pons, medulla oblongata and cerebellum regions of the brain.

Question 40

Select the best description for the sebaceous ciliary glands:

A) near the external opening of the external auditory canal
B) embedded in tarsal plate of eyelid
C) superior and lateral to the eyeball
D) in connective tissue underneath the olfactory epithelium
E) at the base of the follicles of the eyelashes

Question 41

The organs responsible for static and dynamic equilibrium are collectively known as the _____ apparatus.

A) cochlear
B) ciliary
C) labyrinth
D) vestibular

Question 42

The structure indicated by the arrow is _____

Question 43

Define the two kinds of equilibrium and name and describe the receptors for each.

Question 44

Ciliary processes produce the vitreous humor of the eye.

Question 45

Summarize the events that occur as sound waves enter the external ear and are transmitted through the middle and inner ears to produce sensations of hearing. Accompany your summary with labeled sketches that illustrate the anatomical features in your answer.

Question 46

The rough appearance of the upper surface of the tongue is due to the presence of numerous papillae.

Question 47

The auditory tube connects the inner ear to the nasopharynx.

Question 48

The elevation located in the medial commissure of the eye that contains sudoriferous (sweat) and sebaceous (oil) glands is called the _____.

A) tarsal plate
B) conjunctiva
C) lacrimal caruncle
D) lacrimal sac

Question 49

The structure indicated by the arrow is _____

Question 50

The macula lutea contains a depression called the _____ which contains only cone photoreceptors.

A) scleral venous sinus
B) choroid
C) ciliary body
D) fovea centralis

Question 51

The first-order neurons of the olfactory pathway are bipolar neurons called olfactory receptor cells.

Question 52

The olfactory (I) nerves terminate in masses of gray matter called olfactory _____, which are located on the inferior surface of the brain, superior to the ethmoid bone.

A) bipolar cells
B) utricles
C) bulbs
D) maculae

Question 53

In bright light, the _____ muscle of the iris contracts, causing a/an _____ (increase/decrease) in the size of the pupil (constriction).

A) sphincter pupillae; increase
B) dilator pupillae, decrease
C) ciliary, decrease
D) sphincter pupillae; decrease

Question 54

The structure indicated by the arrow is _____

Question 55

The complex series of canals known as the labyrinth makes up the _____ ear.

A) internal (inner)
B) middle
C) external (outer)

Question 56

The structure indicated by the arrow is _____

Question 57

The sense of taste is scientifically called _____.

A) gustation
B) olfaction
C) deglutition
D) NONE of these choices

Question 58

In the wall of the utricle and saccule, the gelatinous layer of the macula that rests on the hair cells contains calcium carbonate crystals called _____.

A) otoliths
B) crystallins
C) kinocilia
D) stereocilia

Question 59

The olfactory (I) nerves consist of approximately 40 bundles of axons of olfactory neurons that extend through foramina in the cribriform plate of the _____ bone.

A) sphenoid
B) ethmoid
C) frontal
D) temporal

Question 60

Lacrimal fluid contains water, mucus, salts, and a bactericidal enzyme called _____.

A) lysozyme
B) cerumen
C) perilymph
D) endolymph

Question 61

The structure indicated by the arrow is _____

Question 62

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Question 63

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Question 64

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Question 65

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Question 66

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Question 67

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Question 68

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Question 69

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Question 70

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Question 71

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Question 72

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Question 73

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Question 74

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Question 75

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