Question 1

Which of the following statements about the cornea is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The cornea's connective tissue layer is avascular, meaning it does not have blood vessels. A and B are both incorrect, as the outer surface of the cornea is actually nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. D is incorrect because crystallins are actually found in the lens of the eye, not the cornea.

Question 2

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the sensation of hearing?

Accepted Answer

The spiral organ (also known as the organ of Corti) is located in the cochlea of the inner ear and contains hair cells that are responsible for translating sound vibrations into neural signals that the brain can interpret as sound. The ampulla, saccule, and utricle are all involved in the sense of balance (vestibular system), not hearing.

Question 3

The vitreous body:

Accepted Answer

A) The vitreous body is not produced by the ciliary processes, but rather by the cells in the embryonic connective tissue.
B) The vitreous body does not undergo constant replacement, but rather remains relatively stable throughout life.
C) The vitreous body does not contribute significantly to intraocular pressure, which is primarily regulated by the balance between aqueous humor production and drainage.

Question 4

Select the best description for the fungiform papillae:

Accepted Answer

The description fits only the fungiform papillae, which are mushroom-shaped and distributed evenly over the tongue. The other choices are incorrect: A refers to circumvallate papillae, B refers to foliate papillae, and D to filiform papillae.

Question 5

A layer of dense connective tissue that covers the entire eyeball except the cornea is called _____.

Accepted Answer

The sclera is a layer of dense connective tissue that covers the entire eyeball, except for the cornea, which is the clear part of the front of the eye. The choroid is a layer of tissue that is located between the sclera and the retina and contains blood vessels. The conjunctiva is a thin, clear membrane that covers the white of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. The uvea is the collective term for the choroid, iris, and ciliary body.

Question 6

The cranial nerves containing neurons of the gustatory pathway are:
1) facial (VII) nerve
2) vagus (X) nerve
3) glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
4) trigeminal (V) nerve
5) abducens (VI) nerve

Accepted Answer

The facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves contain neurons of the gustatory pathway. The trigeminal (V) and abducens (VI) nerves are not involved in transmitting taste information.

Question 7

Place the following in the correct order for the transmission of olfactory information that results in odor perception.
1) olfactory bulbs
2) olfactory tract
3) temporal cortex
4) olfactory (I) nerves
5) frontal cortex

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence for the transmission of olfactory information starts with the olfactory (I) nerves (4) detecting the odor, then the signal is transmitted to the olfactory bulbs (1), followed by the olfactory tract (2), and finally, the information is processed in the temporal cortex (3) and the frontal cortex (5) for odor perception.

Question 8

Mucus found on the surface of the olfactory epithelium:

Accepted Answer

Mucus found on the surface of the olfactory epithelium is produced by glands beneath the olfactory epithelium, and it makes it possible for odorants to react with the olfactory receptors. The production of mucus is also increased in response to stimulation by the facial (VII) nerves. Therefore, all of these choices are true.

Question 9

Select the best description for the vallate (circumvallate) papillae:

Accepted Answer

The vallate (circumvallate) papillae are the largest type of papillae on the tongue and they all contain taste buds.

Question 10

Obstruction or blockage of the nasolacrimal duct will prevent drainage of tears into the:

Accepted Answer

The nasolacrimal duct allows tears to drain from the eye into the nasal cavity. If it is blocked or obstructed, tears cannot drain properly, leading to excessive tearing or eye discomfort. The aqueous humor and vitreous humor are fluids found within the eye, and the ciliary body is responsible for controlling the shape of the lens. None of these structures are directly related to tear drainage.

Question 11

The vestibular apparatus is located in the:

Accepted Answer

The vestibular apparatus is part of the internal ear, which is responsible for balance and orientation. It consists of the semicircular canals, the utricle, and the saccule.

Question 12

The facial (VII) nerve and vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve both travel through the facial canal of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. A tumor located in this canal will potentially interfere with the special sense(s) of:

Accepted Answer

The facial nerve (VII) is responsible for taste sensation in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and for controlling the muscles of facial expression, while the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) is responsible for hearing and balance. A tumor in the facial canal, therefore, could potentially affect taste, while a tumor in the vestibulocochlear nerve could affect hearing and balance. Therefore, the correct answer is all of these choices (D).

Question 13

The olfactory epithelium occupies the superior part of the:

Accepted Answer

The olfactory epithelium is located in the superior part of the nasal cavity, including the superior nasal conchae and the opposite nasal septum, making all of these choices correct.

Question 14

Select the best description for the filiform papillae:

Accepted Answer

Filiform papillae are the most numerous papillae on the tongue and do not contain taste buds. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because fungiform papillae are the largest papillae and not all of them contain taste buds. Option B is incorrect because the papillae described are actually the sulcus terminalis and not the filiform papillae. Option C is incorrect because this description matches the description of fungiform papillae and not filiform papillae.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the external ear?

Accepted Answer

The auditory tube is part of the middle ear, not the external ear. The helix, lobule, and external auditory canal are all features of the external ear.

Question 16

Select the best description for the lacrimal glands:

Accepted Answer

The lacrimal glands are located in the orbit above the lateral end of each eye, specifically superior and lateral to the eyeball. Their function is to produce tears, which help lubricate and protect the eye surface.

Question 17

In what order do the following structures vibrate as sound is transmitted?
1) stapes
2) tympanic membrane
3) oval window
4) incus
5) malleus

Accepted Answer

The correct order of vibration as sound is transmitted through the ear is: tympanic membrane (2), malleus (5), incus (4), stapes (1), and finally the oval window (3). This sequence follows the path of sound from the outer ear, through the middle ear, and into the inner ear.

Question 18

All of the following are accessory structures of the eye EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic muscles are not accessory structures of the eye, but rather they are essential for controlling the shape of the lens and the size of the pupil. The other options, palpebrae, lacrimal apparatus, and eyelashes, are all accessory structures of the eye that provide protection, lubrication, and other functions.

Question 19

Taste buds of a young adult are located on the:

Accepted Answer

Taste buds in a young adult are located on the tongue, soft palate, epiglottis, and pharynx, making all of these choices correct.

Question 20

Which of the following types of cells is the first to receive a light ray as it travels through the retina?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following types of cells...

Quiz 21: Special Senses