Question 1

Following a routine CBC (complete blood count), the hematocrit for Ms. Smith, a 46-year old female, is 32%. This would most likely be indicative of what condition?

Accepted Answer

A hematocrit of 32% is below the normal range for females (which is typically around 36-46%) and could indicate anemia, a condition in which there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin within the red blood cells.

Question 2

Which of the following lead(s) to an increase in the rate of RBC production?

Accepted Answer

Hypoxia is a low oxygen state that stimulates the production of erythropoietin hormone in the kidneys. Erythropoietin stimulates the process of erythropoiesis, which is the production of red blood cells. Testosterone also promotes erythropoiesis, this promotes the production of more RBCs. Therefore, all of these choices lead to an increase in the rate of RBC production.

Question 3

The heme portion of hemoglobin contains iron that binds reversibly with oxygen. In addition to oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, hemoglobin functions in blood pressure regulation by ferrying nitric oxide throughout the body.

Accepted Answer

Both statements are true. The heme portion of hemoglobin indeed contains iron that is essential for oxygen binding, allowing hemoglobin to transport oxygen throughout the body. Additionally, hemoglobin does play a role in blood pressure regulation by transporting nitric oxide, a vasodilator that helps in regulating blood vessel dilation and thus blood pressure.

Question 4

A, B, and Rh(D) are examples of _____ found on the surface of red blood cells.
1 antibodies
2 antigens
3 plasma proteins

Accepted Answer

A, B, and Rh(D) are all examples of antigens found on the surface of red blood cells, which can stimulate the production of antibodies in individuals lacking those antigens. Plasma proteins are not found on the surface of red blood cells.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about factors involved in the formation of blood cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Thrombopoietin is produced in the liver, not the kidney.

Question 6

Monocytes migrate into body tissues to become phagocytic cells called:

Accepted Answer

Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that can migrate into body tissues and differentiate into macrophages, which are phagocytic cells that engulf and digest foreign particles and cellular debris. Therefore, option A is the best choice as it is the only option that correctly describes the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages.

Question 7

The components of the cardiovascular system include:
1 interstitial fluid
2 blood vessels
3 heart
4 lymphatic vessels
5 blood

Accepted Answer

Interstitial fluid is not a component of the cardiovascular system. The components of the cardiovascular system are blood vessels, heart, and blood. Additionally, lymphatic vessels are closely associated with the cardiovascular system, but are not actually a component of it. Therefore, the best choice is C, which includes the correct components of the cardiovascular system: blood vessels, heart, and blood.

Question 8

Which of the following can occur as a result of fetal-maternal Rh incompatability in the fetal blood?

Accepted Answer

Fetal-maternal Rh incompatibility can lead to agglutination and hemolysis of fetal red blood cells, which can subsequently result in hemolytic disease (HDN). Therefore, all of the choices are correct.

Question 9

The white blood cells that typically increase in number in response to allergic conditions or parasitic infections are the _____.

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils are white blood cells that play a role in the immune response to parasitic infections and allergic conditions. They are typically increased in number in these situations. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are involved in the immune response to bacterial infections. Basophils are involved in the immune response to allergens and play a role in the development of hypersensitivity reactions. Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that can differentiate into macrophages, which play a role in phagocytosis and antigen presentation.

Question 10

Pernicious anemia and megaloblastic anemia are two conditions that result from inadequate absorption of

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia and megaloblastic anemia are both caused by inadequate absorption of vitamin B12, which is needed for proper red blood cell formation. Iron deficiency anemia, caused by inadequate absorption of iron, is a different type of anemia. Vitamin C and calcium deficiencies can lead to other health problems, but not anemia.

Question 11

Platelets:

Accepted Answer

Platelets are small, colorless cell fragments that help to stop bleeding by clumping and forming a plug at the site of injury. They also release substances that promote the formation of blood clots and the repair of damaged blood vessels. Platelets have a lifespan of about 7-10 days, which is shorter than that of red blood cells. They are also much less numerous than red blood cells, with a normal platelet count ranging from 150,000 to 450,000 per microliter of blood.

Question 12

Neutrophils provide weapons against bacteria in the form of:

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils provide weapons against bacteria in the form of lysozymes, defensins, and strong oxidants.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell disease is a genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells and is not considered a type of leukemia, which is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. The other options (ALL, AML, and CML) are all types of leukemia.

Question 14

The life span of a red blood cell is approximately:

Accepted Answer

The life span of a red blood cell is approximately 120 days or four months. After this time, old or damaged red blood cells are removed from circulation and replaced by new ones produced in the bone marrow.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a physical characteristic of blood?

Accepted Answer

All the other options are physical characteristics of blood. Blood pH is usually kept within a narrow range between 7.35 and 7.45.

Question 16

A hematocrit of 54% or higher (upper limit of normal) is an indication of polycythemia.

Accepted Answer

A hematocrit of 54% or higher is considered an indication of polycythemia, which is a condition where the body produces too many red blood cells.

Question 17

Sites of hemopoiesis in the adult include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Although the liver can be a site of hemopoiesis in the fetus, in the adult it primarily functions in metabolic processes and does not produce blood cells.

Question 18

Blood functions to:
1 protect against its excessive loss after injury
2 play a role in pH regulation
3 protect against UV radiation damage
4 protect against disease
5 assist with regulation of body temperature

Accepted Answer

Blood serves to protect against its excessive loss after injury by forming clots and facilitating coagulation; it plays a role in pH regulation by transporting bicarbonate ions to the lungs for removal of carbon dioxide; it protects against disease by transporting immune cells and antibodies; and it assists with regulation of body temperature by absorbing and releasing heat. Blood does not protect against UV radiation damage directly.

Question 19

Reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity is a condition referred to as

Accepted Answer

Anemia is the condition of reduced oxygen-carrying capacity due to a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, while polycythemia is a condition of increased red blood cells and blood doping is a illegal method of enhancing athletic performance by increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

Question 20

Levels of which granular leukocyte are increased immediately following a tissue injury?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are the first granular leukocytes to be recruited and increased in number following tissue injury or infection.

Quiz 12: The Cardiovascular System: Blood

Following a routine CBC (complete blood count) , the hematocrit for Ms. Smith, a 46-year old female, is 32%. This would most likely be indicative of what condition?