Question 1

A client has accidentally taken an excessive dose of warfarin sodium.Which of the following drugs should the nurse anticipate will be ordered as an antidote?&#10;A) Pyridoxine&#10;B) Physostigmine sulfate&#10;C) Phytonadione&#10;D) Pralidoxime&#10;

Accepted Answer

Phytonadione, also known as vitamin K1, is the antidote for warfarin sodium. It works by reversing the effects of warfarin on blood clotting factors. Pyridoxine is a form of vitamin B6 and is not used as an antidote for warfarin. Physostigmine sulfate is used to treat certain types of glaucoma and is not an antidote for warfarin. Pralidoxime is used as an antidote for certain types of pesticide poisonings and is not used as an antidote for warfarin.

Question 2

An unusual type of poisoning has resulted from the increasing use of&#10;A) vegetable dyes and herbal supplements in snack foods.&#10;B) synthetic chemicals used in cosmetic products and nutraceuticals.&#10;C) miniature button or disk batteries in electronic games and equipment.&#10;D) aerosol allergens in household cleaning products and disinfectants.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Miniature button or disk batteries are increasingly used in electronic games and equipment, which can be easily accessible to young children who may swallow them leading to poisoning. The batteries can cause severe injuries or even death if stuck in the esophagus. It is important to keep such items out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.

Question 3

Although not a preferred treatment modality,the approximate dosage of syrup of ipecac for a 3-year-old child suspected of accidental acetaminophen (Tylenol)overdosage would be&#10;A) 3 mL.&#10;B) 5 mL.&#10;C) 10 mL.&#10;D) 15 mL.&#10;

Accepted Answer

15 mL.

Question 4

The nurse would not assess dilated pupils in a client who has overdosed on which of the following drugs?&#10;A) Amphetamines&#10;B) Atropine&#10;C) Barbiturates&#10;D) Opioids&#10;

Accepted Answer

Opioids typically cause constricted pupils, not dilated pupils, in cases of overdose.

Question 5

Signs and symptoms associated with methyl alcohol poisoning that the nurse would detect include which of the following?&#10;A) Vomiting&#10;B) Tremors&#10;C) Tachypnea&#10;D) Euphoria&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Signs and symptoms associated with methyl alcohol...

Question 6

A client has overdosed on a drug that is an anticholinergic neuromuscular blocker.Which of the following drugs should the nurse anticipate will be ordered as an antidote?&#10;A) Pyridoxine&#10;B) Physostigmine sulfate&#10;C) Phytonadione&#10;D) Pralidoxime&#10;

Accepted Answer

The anticholinergic neuromuscular blocker drug class can cause life-threatening symptoms such as respiratory depression, hallucinations, tachycardia, and coma. The antidote for this drug class is physostigmine sulfate, which is a cholinergic agent that reverses the effects of the anticholinergic drugs by increasing acetylcholine levels in the central nervous system. Pyridoxine, phytonadione, and pralidoxime are not effective antidotes for anticholinergic drugs.

Question 7

The emergency department nurse learns that a client will be arriving who has experienced poisoning with the heavy metal copper.The nurse anticipates that which of the following drugs will be used as an antidote?

A) Trientine
B) Dimercaprol
C) D-penicillamine
D) Edetate calcium disodium

Accepted Answer

Trientine is used as a chelating agent for copper poisoning, particularly in conditions like Wilson's disease.

Question 8

Poisoning with an organophosphate insecticide may be treated with atropine and&#10;A) epinephrine.&#10;B) propranolol (Inderal).&#10;C) bethanechol (Urecholine).&#10;D) 2-PAM (Pralidoxime).&#10;

Accepted Answer

Organophosphate poisoning is treated with atropine to counteract muscarinic effects and 2-PAM (Pralidoxime) to reactivate acetylcholinesterase, which is inhibited by organophosphates.

Question 9

Which of the following conditions would contraindicate gastric lavage?&#10;A) Central nervous system poison ingestion&#10;B) Age older than 60 years&#10;C) Sedative accidental poisoning&#10;D) Presence of cardiac dysrhythmias&#10;

Accepted Answer

Gastric lavage is contraindicated in the presence of cardiac dysrhythmias as the procedure can worsen the condition and lead to further complications. Central nervous system poison ingestion, age older than 60 years, and sedative accidental poisoning are not absolute contraindications for gastric lavage but may require extra caution and evaluation before the procedure.

Question 10

Nurses may be confronted with childhood poisonings in many ways.Clues to poisoning typically include which of the following?&#10;A) Decreased sweating&#10;B) Severe nausea and vomiting&#10;C) Constipation&#10;D) Polyuria&#10;

Accepted Answer

Severe nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of poisoning in children, and can be an important clue for nurses to recognize. The other options (A, C, and D) are not typically associated with poisoning in children.

Question 11

A child presents to the emergency department with questionable poisoning.He exhibits cyanosis,pulmonary edema,vomiting,abdominal pain,diarrhea,and coagulation defects.These symptoms are commonly associated with poisoning from

A) diuretics.
B) iron preparations.
C) vitamin B.
D) laxatives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child presents to the emergency department...

Question 12

What is the nurse's responsibility when obtaining specimens from suspected poisonings?&#10;A) Place all specimens next to the heater&#10;B) Refrigerate all specimens in an open container&#10;C) Refrigerate all specimens in a closed container&#10;D) Keep all specimens at room temperature in an open container&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the nurse's responsibility when obtaining...

Question 13

Which of the following drugs in the emergency department could not be used as an antidote to cyanide poisoning?&#10;A) Amyl nitrate&#10;B) Methylene blue&#10;C) Succimer (Chemet)&#10;D) Sodium thiosulfate&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following drugs in the...

Question 14

The hospitalized client has received an excessive dose of insulin.Which of the following drugs should the nurse ensure is available on the nursing unit for use as an antidote?&#10;A) Glucagon&#10;B) Pyridoxine&#10;C) Leucovorin&#10;D) Naloxone&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hospitalized client has received an excessive...

Question 15

Seizures commonly occur with the overdose of which of the following medications?&#10;A) Heavy metals&#10;B) Cyanide&#10;C) Acetaminophen (Tylenol)&#10;D) Plants (poison hemlock)&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Seizures commonly occur with the overdose of...

Question 16

The nurse would select from the medication storage area which of the following drugs to be used as an antidote for a client who has excessively high levels of heparin?&#10;A) Protamine sulfate&#10;B) Pyridoxine&#10;C) Penicillamine&#10;D) Prednisone&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse would select from the medication...

Question 17

The nurse is aware that,in addition to administering antidotes,which of the following may also be used to treat a client who has toxins in his or her system?&#10;A) Exposure to ultraviolet light&#10;B) Administration of antiemetics&#10;C) Renal dialysis&#10;D) Nutritional support&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is aware that,in addition to...

Question 18

The emergency department nurse learns that a client will be arriving who has experienced poisoning with the heavy metal copper.The nurse anticipates that which of the following drugs will be used as an antidote?

A) Trientine
B) Dimercaprol
C) D-penicillamine
D) Edetate calcium disodium

Accepted Answer

The answer of The emergency department nurse learns that a...

Question 19

The most commonly identified substances that are accidentally ingested by children who are younger than 6 years are&#10;A) pesticides.&#10;B) gasoline.&#10;C) paints.&#10;D) cosmetics.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most commonly identified substances that are...

Question 20

The emergency department nurse learns that a client will be arriving who has experienced poisoning with the heavy metal copper.The nurse anticipates that which of the following drugs will be used as an antidote?

A) Trientine
B) Dimercaprol
C) D-penicillamine
D) Edetate calcium disodium

Accepted Answer

The answer of The emergency department nurse learns that a...

Question 21

The hospitalized client has received an excessive dose of isoniazid.Which of the following drugs should the nurse ensure is available on the nursing unit for use as an antidote?&#10;A) Glucagon&#10;B) Pyridoxine&#10;C) Leucovorin&#10;D) Naloxone&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hospitalized client has received an excessive...

Question 22

The hospitalized client has received an excessive dose of methotrexate.Which of the following drugs should the nurse ensure is available on the nursing unit for use as an antidote?&#10;A) Glucagon&#10;B) Pyridoxine&#10;C) Leucovorin&#10;D) Naloxone&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hospitalized client has received an excessive...

Question 23

The hospitalized client has received an excessive dose of morphine sulfate.Which of the following drugs should the nurse ensure is available on the nursing unit for use as an antidote?&#10;A) Glucagon&#10;B) Pyridoxine&#10;C) Leucovorin&#10;D) Naloxone&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hospitalized client has received an excessive...

Deck 72: Poisons and Antidotes