Question 1

A client has accidentally taken an excessive dose of warfarin sodium.Which of the following drugs should the nurse anticipate will be ordered as an antidote?

Accepted Answer

Phytonadione, also known as vitamin K1, is the antidote for warfarin sodium. It works by reversing the effects of warfarin on blood clotting factors. Pyridoxine is a form of vitamin B6 and is not used as an antidote for warfarin. Physostigmine sulfate is used to treat certain types of glaucoma and is not an antidote for warfarin. Pralidoxime is used as an antidote for certain types of pesticide poisonings and is not used as an antidote for warfarin.

Question 2

An unusual type of poisoning has resulted from the increasing use of

Accepted Answer

Miniature button or disk batteries are increasingly used in electronic games and equipment, which can be easily accessible to young children who may swallow them leading to poisoning. The batteries can cause severe injuries or even death if stuck in the esophagus. It is important to keep such items out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.

Question 3

Although not a preferred treatment modality,the approximate dosage of syrup of ipecac for a 3-year-old child suspected of accidental acetaminophen (Tylenol)overdosage would be

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

The nurse would not assess dilated pupils in a client who has overdosed on which of the following drugs?

Accepted Answer

Opioids typically cause constricted pupils, not dilated pupils, in cases of overdose.

Question 5

Signs and symptoms associated with methyl alcohol poisoning that the nurse would detect include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Signs and symptoms associated with methyl alcohol...

Question 6

A client has overdosed on a drug that is an anticholinergic neuromuscular blocker.Which of the following drugs should the nurse anticipate will be ordered as an antidote?

Accepted Answer

The anticholinergic neuromuscular blocker drug class can cause life-threatening symptoms such as respiratory depression, hallucinations, tachycardia, and coma. The antidote for this drug class is physostigmine sulfate, which is a cholinergic agent that reverses the effects of the anticholinergic drugs by increasing acetylcholine levels in the central nervous system. Pyridoxine, phytonadione, and pralidoxime are not effective antidotes for anticholinergic drugs.

Question 7

The emergency department nurse learns that a client will be arriving who has experienced poisoning with the heavy metal copper.The nurse anticipates that which of the following drugs will be used as an antidote?

Accepted Answer

Trientine is used as a chelating agent for copper poisoning, particularly in conditions like Wilson's disease.

Question 8

Poisoning with an organophosphate insecticide may be treated with atropine and

Accepted Answer

Organophosphate poisoning is treated with atropine to counteract muscarinic effects and 2-PAM (Pralidoxime) to reactivate acetylcholinesterase, which is inhibited by organophosphates.

Question 9

Which of the following conditions would contraindicate gastric lavage?

Accepted Answer

Gastric lavage is contraindicated in the presence of cardiac dysrhythmias as the procedure can worsen the condition and lead to further complications. Central nervous system poison ingestion, age older than 60 years, and sedative accidental poisoning are not absolute contraindications for gastric lavage but may require extra caution and evaluation before the procedure.

Question 10

Nurses may be confronted with childhood poisonings in many ways.Clues to poisoning typically include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Severe nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of poisoning in children, and can be an important clue for nurses to recognize. The other options (A, C, and D) are not typically associated with poisoning in children.

Question 11

A child presents to the emergency department with questionable poisoning.He exhibits cyanosis,pulmonary edema,vomiting,abdominal pain,diarrhea,and coagulation defects.These symptoms are commonly associated with poisoning from

Accepted Answer

The symptoms listed are associated with iron poisoning, which can lead to serious complications such as pulmonary edema and coagulation defects. Diuretics, vitamin B, and laxatives are not typically associated with these symptoms.

Question 12

What is the nurse's responsibility when obtaining specimens from suspected poisonings?

Accepted Answer

The nurse's responsibility when obtaining specimens from suspected poisonings is to refrigerate all specimens in a closed container. This is to preserve the integrity of the specimen for analysis and prevent contamination. Placing specimens next to a heater or keeping them at room temperature in an open container can alter the composition of the specimen and lead to inaccurate results. Refrigerating in an open container also increases the risk of contamination.

Question 13

Which of the following drugs in the emergency department could not be used as an antidote to cyanide poisoning?

Accepted Answer

Succimer (Chemet) is not used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning. It is primarily used for treating lead poisoning. Amyl nitrate, sodium thiosulfate, and methylene blue are used in different protocols for treating cyanide toxicity.

Question 14

The hospitalized client has received an excessive dose of insulin.Which of the following drugs should the nurse ensure is available on the nursing unit for use as an antidote?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is the drug of choice for treating hypoglycemia caused by insulin overdose as it increases blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis in the liver. Pyridoxine is used as an antidote for toxicity caused by isoniazid, leucovorin is used for methotrexate toxicity, and naloxone is used for opioid overdose.

Question 15

Seizures commonly occur with the overdose of which of the following medications?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Seizures commonly occur with the overdose of...

Question 16

The nurse would select from the medication storage area which of the following drugs to be used as an antidote for a client who has excessively high levels of heparin?

Accepted Answer

Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin. It should be readily available in the medication storage area. Pyridoxine is not the antidote for heparin and is used as an antidote for isoniazid overdose. Penicillamine is used in the treatment of Wilson's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Prednisone is a steroid used to treat inflammation and immune system disorders.

Question 17

The nurse is aware that,in addition to administering antidotes,which of the following may also be used to treat a client who has toxins in his or her system?

Accepted Answer

Renal dialysis is commonly used to remove toxins from the body, especially in cases of overdose or poisoning. It helps to filter the blood and remove the toxic substances by using a machine to perform the function of the kidneys. Exposure to ultraviolet light, administration of antiemetics, and nutritional support may be helpful in certain situations, but they are not primary treatments for toxins in the body.

Question 18

The emergency department nurse learns that a client will be arriving who has experienced poisoning with the heavy metal iron.The nurse anticipates that which of the following drugs will be used as an antidote?

Accepted Answer

Edetate calcium disodium is the antidote for iron poisoning.

Question 19

The most commonly identified substances that are accidentally ingested by children who are younger than 6 years are

Accepted Answer

Cosmetics and personal care products are the most commonly identified substances accidentally ingested by children younger than 6 years, according to data from poison control centers. These items are often left within reach of children and can be mistaken for food or candy.

Question 20

The emergency department nurse learns that a client will be arriving who has experienced poisoning with the heavy metal gold.The nurse anticipates that which of the following drugs will be used as an antidote?

Accepted Answer

Dimercaprol is an antidote used for heavy metal poisoning with gold, arsenic, and mercury. Trientine is used for copper poisoning, D-penicillamine is used for lead poisoning, and edetate calcium disodium is used for lead and mercury poisoning.

Quiz 72: Poisons and Antidotes