Deck 48: Anxiety Disorders, Ocd, and Ptsd

Question 1

Mrs. Swift is alarmed by her own intrusive and irrational thoughts that her house is contaminated by germs. Her experience best illustrates the agitating effects of

A) mania.
B) an obsession.
C) agoraphobia.
D) panic disorder.

Answer 1

an obsession.

Question 2

Psychodynamic and learning theorists both agree that anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD are symptoms that represent the person's attempt to deal with

A) unconscious conflicts.
B) anxiety.
C) unfulfilled wishes.
D) unpleasant responsibilities.

Answer 2

anxiety.

Question 3

A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by

A) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
B) a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal.
C) hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion.
D) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.

Answer 3

a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal.

Question 4

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.

A) psychoanalytic
B) biological
C) learning
D) humanistic

Question 5

Generalized anxiety disorder is ________ common among men than women and ________ common among younger adults than older adults.

A) more; more
B) less; less
C) more; less
D) less; more

Question 6

Because of some troubling thoughts, Carl recently had a PET scan of his brain that revealed excessive activity in the anterior cingulate area. Carl's psychiatrist believes that Carl suffers from

A) schizophrenia.
B) a mood disorder.
C) a personality disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 7

Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from

A) posttraumatic stress disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) a phobia.

Question 8

A therapist suggests that Mr. Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this behavior often reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ________ perspective.

A) biological
B) humanistic
C) psychoanalytic
D) learning

Question 9

Freud suggested that for those suffering a generalized anxiety disorder, the anxiety is

A) cyclical.
B) free-floating.
C) catatonic.
D) completely outside of conscious awareness.

Question 10

Generalized anxiety disorder is often accompanied by

A) delusions.
B) depression.
C) catatonia.
D) antisocial disorder.

Question 11

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) posttraumatic stress disorder.
D) panic disorder.

Question 12

Which of the following provides evidence that human fears have been subjected to the evolutionary process?

A) Compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to our species' survival.
B) Most phobias focus on objects that our ancestors also feared.
C) It is easier to condition some fears than others.
D) All of these provide evidence.

Question 13

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of

A) panic disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) a histrionic personality disorder.

Question 14

Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) a phobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 15

Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of

A) bipolar disorder.
B) an anxiety disorder.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Question 16

Which of the following was presented in the text as evidence of biological influences on anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD?

A) Identical twins often develop similar phobias.
B) Brain scans of persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder reveal unusually high activity in the anterior cingulate cortex.
C) Drugs that dampen fear-circuit activity in the amygdala also alleviate OCD.
D) All of these findings were presented.

Question 17

Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of

A) bipolar disorder.
B) panic disorder.
C) posttraumatic stress disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 18

An immediate and irrational anxiety response to the mere sight of blood is indicative of

A) mania.
B) catatonia.
C) a specific phobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 19

The psychodynamic perspective would most likely view phobias as

A) conditioned fears.
B) displaced responses to incompletely repressed impulses.
C) biological predispositions.
D) manifestations of self-defeating thoughts.

Question 20

Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from

A) social anxiety disorder.
B) specific phobia.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 21

Some psychologists believe that due partly to a broader definition of trauma, mental health professionals have been overdiagnosing

A) panic disorder.
B) PTSD.
C) OCD.
D) GAD.

Question 22

An incapacitating and highly distressing fear about being embarrassed in the presence of others is most characteristic of

A) panic disorder.
B) social anxiety disorder.
C) antisocial disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 23

Two years after being brutally beaten and raped, Brianna still experiences jumpy anxiety and has trouble sleeping and vivid flashbacks of her assault. Brianna is most clearly showing signs of

A) panic disorder.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) social anxiety disorder.

Question 24

Most political dissidents who survive dozens of episodes of torture do not later exhibit PTSD. This best illustrates survivor

A) temperaments.
B) symptoms.
C) dissociation.
D) resiliency.

Question 25

In comparison to generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder is characterized by periods of distress that are

A) more intense and more prolonged.
B) less intense and less prolonged.
C) more intense and less prolonged.
D) less intense and more prolonged.

Question 26

Obsessions are

A) persistent, irrational fears of specific objects, activities, or situations.
B) false beliefs of persecution or grandeur.
C) periodic episodes of intense dread accompanied by frightening physical sensations.
D) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.

Question 27

The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrate symptoms of

A) DID.
B) ADHD.
C) OCD.
D) PTSD.

Question 28

Positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging life crises demonstrate

A) dissociation.
B) observational learning.
C) posttraumatic growth.
D) natural selection.

Question 29

Incapacitating efforts to avoid specific anxiety-producing situations is most indicative of certain

A) delusions.
B) hallucinations.
C) phobias.
D) obsessions.

Question 30

The incidence of OCD is greatest among

A) preadolescent children.
B) teens and young adults.
C) middle-aged adults.
D) older retired persons.

Question 31

Kaylee is so afraid of spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to go to the basement of her own house alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) personality disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) a phobia.

Question 32

Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult is indicative of

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) a mood disorder.
C) agoraphobia.
D) depression.

Question 33

Cecil is preoccupied with thoughts of jumping out the window of his tenth-floor apartment. To reduce his anxiety, he frequently counts his heartbeats aloud. Cecil would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing

A) panic disorder.
B) agoraphobia.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 34

Some people are more vulnerable to PTSD because they have a sensitive ________, which floods the body with stress hormones.

A) motor cortex
B) cerebellum
C) limbic system
D) frontal lobe

Question 35

Repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ________ as repeatedly washing your hands is to ________.

A) anxiety; dissociation
B) depression; mania
C) delusion; phobia
D) obsession; compulsion

Question 36

Which of the following disorders is characterized by the most sudden and unpredictable episodes of distress?

A) social anxiety disorder
B) panic disorder
C) specific phobia
D) alcohol dependence

Question 37

Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of

A) agoraphobia.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) posttraumatic stress disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 38

The billionaire aviator Howard Hughes insisted that his assistants perform elaborate hand-washing rituals and wear white gloves when handling any document he would later touch. His behavior best illustrated the symptoms of

A) antisocial disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) social anxiety disorder.

Question 39

Brain scans of PTSD patients suffering memory flashbacks reveal an aberrant and persistent activation of the

A) right occipital lobe.
B) left occipital lobe.
C) right temporal lobe.
D) left temporal lobe.

Question 40

While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from

A) agoraphobia.
B) a panic attack.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) a delusion.

Question 41

Julius is obsessed with avoiding germs and feels compelled to bathe at least 10 times a day. His therapist suggests that Julius continues his maladaptive bathing because this behavior temporarily reduced his anxiety on many past occasions. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

A) biological
B) learning
C) psychoanalytic
D) humanistic

Question 42

It has been suggested that compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to the survival of the human species. This idea best illustrates the ________ perspective.

A) humanistic
B) learning
C) psychoanalytic
D) biological

Question 43

Irrational beliefs and hypervigilance to any possible threats can sometimes contribute to feelings of anxiety. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD can be affected by

A) dissociation.
B) catatonia.
C) flat affect.
D) cognitive influences.

Question 44

Brain scans of people with ________ reveal higher-than-normal activity in brain areas involved in habitual behaviors.

A) dissociative disorder
B) antisocial disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) depression

Question 45

Some studies suggest that an anxiety gene affects the brain's level of the neurotransmitter

A) dopamine.
B) serotonin.
C) epinephrine.
D) acetylcholine.

Question 46

June is so preoccupied with keeping her house absolutely spotless that she has no time to do anything but clean. After each family meal she not only washes the dishes, she also thoroughly cleans and polishes the kitchen table, chairs, floor, and cupboards. Although these cleaning rituals irritate her family, June is unable to discontinue them without experiencing intense feelings of discomfort. Use the learning and biological perspectives to explain June's behavior.

Question 47

Fears can be blunted by giving people ________ as they recall a traumatic experience.

A) glutamate
B) dopamine
C) propranolol
D) norepinephrine

Question 48

Compulsive hand washing often increases in frequency because it relieves feelings of anxiety. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on compulsive behaviors.

A) reinforcement
B) dissociation
C) observational learning
D) stimulus generalization

Question 49

Melissa is fearful of men and refuses to go out on dates. Her therapist suggests that she is fearful because she was sexually abused by her father when she was young. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ________ perspective.

A) humanistic
B) learning
C) biological
D) psychoanalytic

Question 50

A traumatic experience may trigger a lasting phobia in a child with a sensitive, high-strung temperament. The same experience, however, may have no long-term impact on a child with a more relaxed temperament. This best illustrates the role of ________ in the development of phobias.

A) explanatory style
B) the anterior cingulated cortex
C) genetic predispositions
D) mood disorders

Question 51

Luke suffers from acrophobia, a fear of high places. Luke's therapist suggests that his reaction to heights is a generalization of the fear triggered by a childhood playground accident in which he fell off a jungle gym. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.

A) learning
B) psychoanalytic
C) humanistic
D) biological

Question 52

Rats that received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This best illustrates that anxiety may result from

A) stimulus generalization.
B) observational learning.
C) reinforcement.
D) classical conditioning.

Question 53

A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates

A) dissociation.
B) agoraphobia.
C) stimulus generalization.
D) survivor resiliency.

Question 54

The anterior cingulate cortex, a brain region that monitors our actions, seems especially likely to be hyperactive in those with

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) a dissociative disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) antisocial disorder.

Question 55

Obsessive thoughts typically ________ anxiety and compulsive behaviors typically ________ anxiety.

A) increase; increase
B) decrease; decrease
C) increase; decrease
D) decrease; increase

Question 56

As Jordan watches, his brother receives an electric shock from touching the frayed toaster cord. Jordan is now intensely afraid of toasters. This best illustrates that fear can be learned through

A) stimulus generalization.
B) observational learning.
C) habit.
D) reinforcement.

Question 57

Which perspective emphasizes the role of classical conditioning in the onset of anxiety or other disorders?

A) humanistic perspective
B) psychodynamic perspective
C) biological perspective
D) learning perspective

Question 58

We can more easily extinguish a fear of driving a car than a fear of holding snakes. This is best explained from a ________ perspective.

A) learning
B) biological
C) psychoanalytic
D) humanistic

Question 59

According to the ________ perspective, anxiety is sometimes produced by the submerged mental energy associated with repressed impulses.

A) biological
B) learning
C) psychoanalytic
D) social-cognitive