Deck 10: The Social World of Adolescence

Question 1

In studies of middle school students,which of the following instructional practices enhanced student academic achievement?

A)Criticism of students when they showed lack of motivation
B)Teachers' negative feedback to students about errors
C)Teachers' high expectations for their students' learning
D)Authoritarian classroom control

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Jasmine,age 16,has just begun an after-school and weekend job at which she expects to work about 20-25 hours a week.She plans to use her earnings to buy clothes,gas for her car,and to fund outings with friends.Based on research,which of the following is the most likely outcome of Jasmine's part-time employment?

A)Her grades will improve.
B)She will be more reliable and less likely to engage in delinquent behavior.
C)She will leave high school with substantial savings.
D)Her work time will negatively affect her school achievement.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Based on studies of adolescents in the U.S.and many other countries of the world,when do they experience the steepest decline in their willingness to endorse (1)the idea that they are obligated to obey their parents,and (2)the legitimacy of their parents' claims to authority?

A)Preadolescence
B)Early adolescence
C)Middle adolescence
D)Late adolescence

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Data on peer affiliation show the power and influence of adolescent crowd membership.The percentage of high school students in the U.S.who belong to crowds characterized by high academic achievement is approximately which of the following?

A)15%
B)10%
C)5%
D)2%

Question 5

Research indicates that peer influence is greatest for which of the following age groups?

A)4^th grade
B)6^th grade
C)9^th grade
D)Influence of peers does not change from 4^th through 9^th grades.

Question 6

Numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between playing violent video games and aggressive behavior.According to studies,what are the effects of playing violent video games?

A)No increases in aggressive behavior
B)Increases in aggressive behavior across cultures
C)Increases in aggressive behavior of youth in Canada but not in the U.S.
D)Increases in aggressive behavior of youth in the U.S.but not in Japan

Question 7

According to the 2010 Kaiser Family Foundation's large-scale study,3^rd to 12^th graders' time spent in daily media consumption is most accurately described as which of the following?

A)Less than a typical school day
B)Comparable to a typical adult's work day
C)Twice as much as most kids sleep in 24 hours
D)The same as the time spent on homework

Question 8

Active parental monitoring is associated with which of the following outcomes among adolescents?

A)More drug use but less involvement in other criminal activity
B)More deviant behavior,particularly smoking and drug use
C)Higher rates of gang membership
D)No effect on delinquency outcomes

Question 9

Juan,age 15,is Hispanic.Based on research about ethnicity and academics,what would you expect Juan's attitudes to be regarding academic achievement?

A)He is just as likely as other teens to believe that getting a good education is helpful for future success,but is not as likely to believe that failure in school will limit his future job options.
B)He is just as likely as other teens to believe that getting a good education is helpful for future success,and also that failure in school will limit his future job options.
C)He is unlikely to believe that getting a good education will have any effect on his future job options or success in life.
D)He is more likely to believe that getting a good education doesn't matter and that his job options are limited even if he succeeds academically.

Question 10

Research findings show that group dynamics explain some of adolescents' behavior.They often choose to participate in shared norms,roles,and expectations.This process is identified by what term?

A)Crowd pleasing
B)Peer attribution
C)Peer selection
D)Individual autonomy

Question 11

When Marla,age 14,decides that she is a good writer because she gets better grades than her friend Jenna on stories she writes for English,she is demonstrating the use of ____________ as part of identity formation.

A)attribute substitution with peers
B)susceptibility to peer influence
C)emotional autonomy from peers
D)social comparison with peers

Question 12

The decline of academic interest and motivation during early adolescence may be attributed in part to changes in instruction practices from elementary school to middle and junior high schools.Which one of the following instructional practices is identified as a probable culprit?

A)A decrease in competitive grading practices
B)An increase in cooperative activities
C)More opportunities for student decision making
D)An increase in whole-group lectures

Question 13

Studies show that peer influence rises and declines during adolescence.At what point does resistance to peer influence typically begin to rise?

A)Around the age of 13
B)Middle adolescence
C)Late adolescence
D)Around the age of 18

Question 14

"Popular" crowds in American high schools typically exhibit which of the following characteristics?

A)Heavy drug use and delinquent behavior
B)Some drug use or other illicit behavior
C)High academic achievement
D)Strong ties with teachers

Question 15

Risky behavior in adolescence represents a dichotomy of positive and negative aspects and effects.Which of the following is viewed as a positive aspect or effect?

A)Increasing the levels of positive self-concept
B)Creating a maturity gap
C)Limiting self-determination
D)Promoting individuation

Question 16

What percentage of adolescents typically are part of a "popular" crowd in American high schools?

A)20 percent
B)40 percent
C)60 percent
D)Less than 5 percent

Question 17

Across cultures teens seem to agree that some aspects of parental control are legitimate.Which of the following areas causes the greatest conflict between adolescents and their parents?

A)Political issues
B)Conventional rules
C)Moral issues
D)Personal issues

Question 18

According to research,what dimension of parenting is most closely tied to adolescents' self-confidence and social competence?

A)Parent responsiveness
B)Parent demandingness
C)Parent permissiveness
D)Parent dismissiveness

Question 19

The dimension of parenting style called parental responsiveness can usefully be broken into two characteristics: acceptance (affection,involvement,concern)and

A)monitoring.
B)authority.
C)democracy.
D)demandingness.

Question 20

In the U.S. ,which crowds are characterized as "moderately achievement oriented and may engage in some illicit behavior," such as drug use?

A)Average crowds
B)Crowds representing students from ethnic groups
C)Populars and jocks
D)Alienated crowds

Question 21

Identify and describe three main reasons that adolescents engage in reckless or risky behavior.

Question 22

For an adolescent engaging in risky behavior (e.g. ,alcohol use),one strategy that counselors can use is to introduce dissonance into the discussion.Before a counselor can do so effectively,she must

A)provide factual data on the risks of alcohol use.
B)interview the teen about his or her beliefs about risky behavior.
C)establish a reward system for good behavior.
D)determine the extent of the adolescent's participation in deviant behavior.

Question 23

Participation in after-school activities sponsored by school or community organizations is

A)unrelated to academic achievement.
B)detrimental to academic achievement.
C)positively related to academic achievement.
D)positively related to social competence but negatively related to academic achievement.

Question 24

Based on research,what advice should counselors give parents about how much to be involved in their adolescents' school life?

A)Avoid attending school activities and functions such as sporting events.
B)Remain uninvolved in adolescents' homework and school performance.
C)Express expectations for academic achievement as it relates to future goals.
D)Allow adolescents to determine the value of their education.

Question 25

The parents of Abe,age 14,are concerned about his watching violent movies and playing violent video games with his friends.Research-based data indicate which of the following?

A)Media portrayals of violence are not related to teenage aggressive behavior.
B)Exposure to media violence is related to teenage aggressive behavior.
C)Exposure to media violence seems to teach teenagers to favor nonviolence.
D)Viewing violent movies is related to aggression,but playing violent video games is not.

Question 26

Sabrina and Bethany are both members of the same crowd in high school.What does this mean?

A)They spend a great deal of time together.
B)They are best friends.
C)They share interests,attitudes,and behaviors.
D)They will not be able to make friends outside their own crowd.

Question 27

Some parents of adolescents are going through their own "perilous transition." What proportion of American parents report strong feelings of powerlessness,rejection,and personal regret when their children become adolescents?

A)Less than 5%
B)About 40%
C)More than 60%
D)Almost 80%

Question 28

Which of the following is most likely to increase adolescents' disclosure of information to parents?

A)Psychological control that helps the adolescent face consequences of risky behavior
B)Hands-off approach that communicates trust in adolescent judgment
C)Monitoring of adolescent activities and phone calls
D)Warm,supporting parental relationship with the adolescent

Question 29

To understand parent-teen conflicts,it can be helpful for the counselor to understand the parents' and teen's views of parental control.For example,teens often consider some aspects of parental control legitimate but not others.Teens perceive which domain to be OFF LIMITS to parental control?

A)Moral issues
B)Social-conventional behaviors
C)Cultural norms
D)Personal matters
Essay Questions (Chapter 10)

Question 30

Experimentation with risky behaviors such as smoking and drinking in adolescence is considered to be which of the following?

A)Not typical of this age group and often a sign of mental health problems
B)Typical of this age group and statistically normative
C)Expected and acceptable in the eyes of most parents
D)Declining significantly an indicative of a 'fast life' strategy

Question 31

What is the leading cause of mortality among adolescents? Identify some of the risk factors associated with this cause of death and explain our limitations in predicting outcomes and providing effective treatments.

Question 32

Which of the following descriptions characterizes the changes in American society's attitudes toward adolescent risky behavior from the 1920s to today?

A)In the 1920s it was not seen as a serious problem,whereas today risky behavior is seen as a serious problem.
B)In the 1920s risky behavior was seen as a problem that could be addressed by social programs,like community activities for adolescents,whereas today we tend to see the problem as within the individual.
C)In the 1920s risky behavior was seen as a problem of the individual who needs treatment,whereas today we tend to see the problem as one that can be addressed by social programs.
D)In the 1920s there was greater concern about risky behavior than there is today,because risky behavior is much rarer now.