Deck 5: The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Question 1

Which of the following are granulocytes?
I. Lymphocytes
II. Neutrophils
III. Eosinophils
IV. Basophils

A) II, III, and IV only
B) I only
C) I, II, III, and IV
D) II and III only

Answer 1

II, III, and IV only

Question 2

In the normal adult female, what is the hematocrit value?

A) 58%
B) 36%
C) 50%
D) 42%

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the term or acronym for the percentage of RBCs in the blood volume?

A) HBV ratio
B) hematocyte %
C) RBCV
D) hematocrit

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

A) transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
B) transport nutrients and waste products
C) regulate pH of blood
D) form clots

Question 5

Which of the following are functions of blood?
I. Regulate pH and osmosis
II. Maintain body temperature
III. Transport nutrients and waste products
IV. Form clots

A) I, II, III, and IV
B) I, II, and III only
C) I and II only
D) I, II, and IV only

Question 6

What is the average blood volume in adult males?

A) 6-7 L
B) 3-4 L
C) 4-5L
D) 5-6 L

Question 7

Which anemia results from an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder?

A) Sickle cell
B) nutritional deficiency
C) hemolytic
D) hemorrhagic

Question 8

What is the average lifespan of a RBC?

A) 60 days
B) 90 days
C) 150 days
D) 120 days

Question 9

What is the primary function of leukocytes?

A) protection against invading microorganisms
B) transport of nutrients
C) body temperature regulation
D) clot formation

Question 10

In a healthy newborn, what is the hematocrit value?

A) 55-70%
B) 25-40%
C) 45-60%
D) 35-45%

Question 11

Which organs are responsible for destroying RBCs?

A) spleen and kidneys
B) spleen and liver
C) liver and pancreas
D) liver and kidneys

Question 12

What percent of the total blood volume can be attributed to plasma?

A) 40%
B) 28%
C) 65%
D) 55%

Question 13

There are how many types of white blood cells?

A) 4
B) 7
C) 5
D) 3

Question 14

Which type of anemia is due to a deficiency of iron in the diet?

A) nutritional deficiency
B) hemorrhagic
C) pernicious
D) pernicious

Question 15

What is the major component of the RBC that accounts for the red color?

A) hemoglobin
B) carboxyhemoglobin
C) myoglobin
D) methemoglobin

Question 16

Which type of anemia is due to blood loss?

A) pernicious
B) hemorrhagic
C) hemolytic
D) aplastic

Question 17

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?
I. Transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissue cells
II. Transport carbon dioxide from the tissue cells to the lungs
III. Regulate pH
IV. Form clots

A) I, and II only
B) II and IV only
C) I, II, and III only
D) II, III, and IV only

Question 18

Which anemia results from an inadequate dietary intake of vitamin B12?

A) nutritional deficiency
B) hemorrhagic
C) hemolytic
D) pernicious

Question 19

What is the average blood volume in adult females?

A) 3-4 L
B) 5-6 L
C) 4-5 L
D) 6-7 L

Question 20

Which type of anemia is due to autoimmune disease?

A) pernicious
B) hemorrhagic
C) hemolytic
D) aplastic

Question 21

What is the term for the WBC's ability to leave the blood vessel?

A) migration
B) diapedesis
C) transference
D) egression

Question 22

What is the term for the site where the heart is in contact with the chest wall?

A) POC
B) MIP
C) PMC
D) PMI

Question 23

What structure separates the atria in the heart?

A) pericardium
B) interventricular septum
C) conchae
D) interatrial septum

Question 24

Which of the WBCs are the largest in size and can differentiate into macrophages?

A) basophils
B) lymphocytes
C) neutrophils
D) monocytes

Question 25

Asthmatic patients have an elevated count in what granulocyte?

A) basophils
B) eosinophils
C) monocytes
D) monocytes

Question 26

What is the name of the sac that encloses the heart?

A) epicardium
B) pleura
C) pericardium
D) mediastinum

Question 27

Which of the formed elements in the blood contain serotonin?

A) basophils
B) neutrophils
C) platelets
D) eosinophils

Question 28

What is the term for a decrease in the number of WBCs?

A) anemia
B) polycythemia
C) leukopenia
D) leukocytosis

Question 29

In what cavity are the heart, great vessels, and thymus gland located?

A) pleural cavity
B) peritoneum
C) mediastinum
D) pericardium

Question 30

Which of the lymphocytes produce antibodies?

A) T lymphocytes
B) NK lymphocytes
C) B lymphocytes
D) A lymphocytes

Question 31

What are the smallest of the formed elements in the blood?

A) eosinophils
B) lymphocytes
C) basophils
D) platelets or thrombocytes

Question 32

What is the second most numerous leukocyte in the blood?

A) eosinophils
B) Neutrophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) monocytes

Question 33

What portion of plasma is composed of proteins?

A) 7%
B) 2%
C) 17%
D) 12%

Question 34

Which respiratory disorder would be suspected if a patient had an eosinophil count of 8%?

A) pneumonia
B) pulmonary emboli
C) pulmonary edema
D) asthma

Question 35

What is the clinical term for an inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart?

A) endocarditis
B) myocarditis
C) pleurisy
D) pericarditis

Question 36

Which white blood cells normally composes 65% of the total WBC count?

A) neutrophils
B) basophils
C) eosinophils
D) lymphocytes

Question 37

Which of the blood cells are considered to be polymorphonuclear granulocytes?

A) basophils
B) eosinophils
C) neutrophils
D) lymphocytes

Question 38

What information can be obtained from a CBC?
I. Hemoglobin
II. Hematocrit
III. SpO₂
IV. WBC Differential

A) I and II only
B) I, II, and IV only
C) II and IV only
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 39

Where are eosinophils primarily located?

A) above the vocal cords
B) alveoli
C) lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts
D) kidneys, liver, and lining of the respiratory tract

Question 40

What is the name of the outer wall of the pericardium?

A) parietal pericardium
B) fibrous pericardium
C) visceral pleura
D) epicardium

Question 41

What portion of the total blood volume is contained in the venous system?

A) 80%
B) 60%
C) 60%.
D) 40%

Question 42

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A) tricuspid
B) pulmonary semilunar
C) aortic semilunar
D) bicuspid

Question 43

Which artery supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior wall of the left ventricle?

A) marginal branch of right coronary artery
B) posterior interventricular branch of right coronary artery
C) circumflex branch of left coronary artery
D) anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery

Question 44

Which vessels collect the venous blood from the posterior portion of the heart?

A) thebesian veins
B) coronary sinus
C) great cardiac vein
D) middle cardiac vein

Question 45

Where is the vasomotor center located?

A) hypothalamus
B) medulla oblongata
C) pons
D) cerebral cortex

Question 46

What is the middle layer of the heart called?

A) myocardium
B) endocardium
C) pericardium
D) epicardium

Question 47

Which artery supplies blood to the posterior walls of the ventricles?

A) Which artery supplies blood to the posterior walls of the ventricles?
B) anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery
C) circumflex branch of left coronary artery
D) posterior interventricular branch of right coronary artery

Question 48

Into what structures does the pulmonary trunk divide?

A) superior and inferior vena cava
B) right and left pulmonary veins
C) right and left pulmonary veins
D) right and left coronary arteries

Question 49

Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?

A) veins
B) arteries
C) arterioles.
D) capillaries

Question 50

Which artery supplies blood to the interventricular septum?

A) marginal branch of right coronary artery
B) posterior interventricular branch of right coronary artery
C) circumflex branch of left coronary artery
D) circumflex branch of left coronary artery

Question 51

What is the term for a large collection of fluid in the pericardial sac that compresses the underlying structures?

A) hemathorax
B) pulmonary edema
C) pleural effusion
D) cardiac tamponade

Question 52

What is the name for the tube placed in arteries to structurally help prevent future blockage?

A) catheterization
B) stent
C) angioplasty
D) CABG

Question 53

Which vessels collect the venous blood from the anterior side of the heart?

A) thebesian veins
B) great cardiac veins
C) coronary sinus
D) middle cardiac vein

Question 54

What is the inner layer of the heart called?

A) pericardium
B) myocardium
C) endocardium
D) epicardium

Question 55

Where does blood collected by the thebesian veins empty?

A) pulmonary artery
B) left ventricle
C) right and left atria
D) right ventricle

Question 56

Which structures connect the tricuspid valve leaflets to papillary muscles?

A) choanae
B) coronary ligaments
C) conchae
D) chordae tendinae

Question 57

From which layer of the heart wall is the electrical conduction system formed?

A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) endocardium
D) pericardium

Question 58

What are the boundaries of the pulmonary vascular system?

A) aorta to right atrium
B) aorta to left ventricle
C) right atrium to left atrium
D) pulmonary trunk to left atrium

Question 59

What is the term for the procedure in which a radiopaque dye is injected to outline the coronary arteries?

A) catheterization
B) coronary angiography
C) coronary bypass
D) angioplasty

Question 60

Which valve lies at the base of the ascending aorta?

A) tricuspid
B) aortic semilunar
C) pulmonary semilunar
D) mitral

Question 61

What portion of the normal adult blood volume is contained in the pulmonary circulation?

A) 10%
B) 75%
C) 25%
D) 60%

Question 62

What would MAP equal if a patient had a blood pressure of 140/95?

A) 100
B) 95
C) 110
D) 80

Question 63

Which nerve innervates the carotid sinuses? IX cranial

A)
B) phrenic
C) X cranial
D) XI cranial

Question 64

What is the term for ventilation of alveoli without perfusion?

A) silent units
B) shunt
C) anatomical dead space
D) alveolar dead space

Question 65

What is the relationship between VEDP and CO called?

A) Frank Starling curve
B) Doppler curve
C) Bachmann's curve
D) Fick's curve

Question 66

What is the normal systolic and diastolic pressure in the pulmonary system?

A) 25/8 mm Hg
B) 40/20 mm Hg
C) 120/80 mm Hg
D) 90/60 mm Hg

Question 67

What is the term for the moderate state of vascular contraction from continuous sympathetic stimulation?

A) vasomotor tone
B) hypercontraction
C) sensory overload
D) perpetual sympathesis

Question 68

What does the cardiac output equal when stroke volume is 75 mL and heart rate is 80 beats/min?

A) 4800 mL
B) 6000 mL/min
C) 5600 mL
D) 7500 mL

Question 69

In the prone position, what is the gravity dependent area of the lungs?

A) apices only of both lungs
B) anterior portion of both lungs
C) bases only of both lungs
D) posterior portion of both lungs

Question 70

What is another name for baroreceptors?

A) chemoreceptors
B) juxtacapillary receptors
C) proprioceptors
D) pressoreceptors

Question 71

In a normal adult, what is the normal range for MAP?

A) 80-100
B) 100-120
C) 40-60
D) 60-80

Question 72

What portion of the normal adult blood volume is contained in the heart?

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 35%
D) 25%

Question 73

Which nerve innervates the baroreceptors in the aortic arch?

A) vagus
B) hypoglossal
C) glossopharyngeal
D) phrenic

Question 74

What effect does hypovolemia have on ventricular preload?

A) What effect does hypovolemia have on ventricular preload?
B) As preload decreases, cardiac output decreases so BP would drop.
C) Ventricular preload is not affected by hypovolemia.
D) Ventricular preload is not affected by hypovolemia

Question 75

In the upright lung of a normal adult, which zone is considered to be gravity dependent?

A) Zone 3
B) Bottom of Zone 1
C) Top of Zone 1
D) Top of Zone 2

Question 76

What is the actual blood pressure in the lumen of any vessel at any point, relative to barometric pressure?

A) intravascular pressure
B) transmural pressure
C) driving pressure
D) back pressure

Question 77

What is one of the primary goals of carotid sinus massage?

A) relieve neck tension
B) increase blood pressure
C) increase heart rate
D) slow patient's heart rate

Question 78

What is the average volume of blood contained in the pulmonary capillary bed of a healthy adult?

A) 250 mL
B) 75 mL
C) 150 mL
D) 500 mL

Question 79

In the normal adult, what is the driving pressure of the systemic circulatory system?

A) 78 mm Hg
B) 40 mm Hg
C) 98 mm Hg
D) 10 mm Hg

Question 80

In Case Study 1, the patient's blood pressure was 78/42 mm Hg. What would her MAP equal?

A) 62 mm Hg
B) 36 mm Hg
C) 68 mm Hg
D) 54 mm Hg